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1992-01-17
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.C1. INTRODUCTION TO CUPL U1
Welcome to CUPL Universal Compiler for Programmable Logic. CUPL is a
very versatile and powerful logic compiler, and can be used to
create very sophisticated logic designs for PLDs. This section will
introduce the user to CUPL.
o .c2.CUPL OVERVIEW
The CUPL package consists of the following programs: CUPL (Universal
Compiler for Programmable Logic), CSIM (CUPL Simulator), CBLD (CUPL
Build), and PTOC (PALASM to CUPL Translator).
Using CUPL, logic descriptions may be written and compiled. The
logic descriptions can be assigned to specific programmable logic
devices (PLDs). CUPL searches its library and creates a file which
can be downloaded to a device programmer and, from there, the PLD
can be programmed.
CSIM permits a design to be simulated before it is put into
production. A file is created, describing the expected
functionality of the PLD in terms of input and output values. CSIM
compares the expected values to actual values calculated during CUPL
operation. The DOS version of CSIM will also allow the simulation
to be viewed in waveform.
CBLD allows the manipulation of the device libraries containing
descriptions of the PLDs supported by CUPL.
PTOC converts PALASM designs to CUPL format. The key features of
the CUPL package include:
_ Universal applicability. CUPL supports products from all
manufacturers of PLDs, enabling a user to put the same
functional logic into physically different parts, to create a
second source at the socket. CUPL produces a standard type of
file called JEDEC. This is a download file that is
compatible with any logic programmer that uses JEDEC files.
The CUPL language translator (PTOC) converts .i.PALASM;PALASM
designs to CUPL, enabling the use of any PALASM designs.
_ A high-level language. Expression substitution for
equations, shorthand notation for lists, address ranges, and
bit fields are available to save design time.
CUPL simplifies Boolean expressions by the distributive
property and DeMorgan' s Theorem.
State machine syntax provides a powerful means of
implementing any synchronous application using either Mealy
or Moore state machine models.
Truth table syntax provides a way to clearly express certain
logic descriptions.
User-defined functions allow the creation of keywords for use
by CUPL.
_ Flexible documentation. CUPL provides a template file for
standard "fill in the blanks" documentation and allows the
placement of free-form comments throughout a design.
CUPL's comprehensive error-checking capability generates
detailed error messages designed to lead to the source of any
problems.
_ Powerful minimizer and simulation programs. CUPL contains the
fastest and most powerful minimizer offered for programmable
logic equation reduction, featuring four levels of
minimization.
The CUPL simulation program enables logic to be simulated
prior to using a PLD. This feature prevents blown devices
and helps debug system-level problems. Test vectors verified
by CSIM can be downloaded to a logic programmer.
o .c2.CUPL DATA FLOW
This section describes the CUPL data flow.
First, a logic description source file is created, using the CUPL
language to describe the logic that will be assigned to a
programmable logic device.
Then, run CUPL to compile the source file to create a fusemap file
for downloading to a device programmer. On execution of CUPL, the
'-a' flag may be used to cause CUPL to generate an '.ABS' file for
later use by CSIM.
Optionally, a test specification file may be created to verify the
design. CSIM is executed to compare the expected values in the test
file to the actual values in the absolute file created by CUPL. When
simulation is complete without any errors, the verified test vectors
can be appended to the download file generated by CUPL.
At this point, the verified fusemap file can be transferred to a
device programmer. Figure U1-1 shows the CUPL data flow.
[Picture]
Figure U1-1. CUPL Data Flow
Output file types:
.SO Simulator Output with errors
.HL HL Download file
.HEX Hex Download file
.JED JEDEC file without test vectors
JEDEC file with test vectors
o .c2.SYSTEM OVERVIEW
CUPL (Universal Compiler for Programmable Logic) is a set of
programs that provides tools for designing with PLDs. The CUPL
system consists of the following modules: CUPLX, CUPLA, CUPLB,
CUPLM, and CUPLC. A brief description of each of the program modules
follows.
[Picture]
Figure U1-2. CUPL Execution Flow
CUPLX: CUPL Language Preprocessor Scans the .PLD (input) file,
processing the preprocessor directives, i.e. $DEFINE. Generates an
intermediate file with all preprocessor directives expanded.
CUPLA: CUPL Language Parser Scans and parses the intermediate file
generated by CUPLX. Utilizes a table driven parser to generate a
symbol table and expanded equations. Expands state machine, truth
table, and user defined function syntax into boolean equations.
Also, performs simple logic reduction while processing range
statements.
CUPLB: CUPL Design to Target Device Linker Resolves links between
design and the target device model. Expands the parsed equations
according to signal polarity and physical characteristics, via
DeMorgan's Theorem. Builds the final symbol table, containing
device model links, and bit mapped representation of the logic
design.
CUPLM: CUPL Logic Minimizer Executes logic minimization algorithms
on the bit mapped logic generated in CUPLB. Processes only the
equations for which reduction has been requested. If no reduction
is requested then the intermediate file generated by CUPLB is
renamed for use by CUPLC. Performs multiple output minimization for
FPLA architecture.
CUPLC: CUPL Design Fitter Determines if the design fits the target
device architecture and builds a fuse map. The fuse map and symbol
table are used to generate the documentation and JEDEC files.
[Picture]
Figure U1-3. Device Independent Design Flow
[Picture]
Figure U1-4. Device Specific Design Flow
[Picture]
Figure U1-5. CUPL Device Fitting
Some Fitter programs currently available include:
CUPLC generic device fitter
FITR MACH device fitter
FITMAPL MAPL device fitter.