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- From: epowers@mccoy (POWERS)
- Subject: Re: THE MODERN SYNTHESIS
- Message-ID: <1993Jan26.233342.14127@nmsu.edu>
- Sender: usenet@nmsu.edu
- Organization: New Mexico State University
- References: <C1BvJ7.9xF@gpu.utcs.utoronto.ca>
- Date: Tue, 26 Jan 1993 23:33:42 GMT
- Lines: 80
-
- In article <C1BvJ7.9xF@gpu.utcs.utoronto.ca> lamoran@gpu.utcs.utoronto.ca
- (L.A. Moran) writes:
-
- [...]
- The modern theory of the mechanism of evolution
- > differs from Darwinism in three important respects:
- >
- > 1) It recognizes several mechanisms of evolution in addition
- > to natural selection. One of these, random genetic drift,
- > may be as important as natural selection.
- >
- > 2) It recognizes that characteristics are inherited as discrete
- > entities called genes. Variation within a population is due
- > to the presence of multiple alleles of a gene.
- >
- > 3) It postulates that speciation is (usually) due to the gradual
- > accumulation of small genetic changes. This is equivalent to
- > saying that macroevolution is simply a lot of microevolution.
- >
- > In other words, the Modern Synthesis is a theory about how evolution
- works
- > at the level of genes, phenotypes, and populations whereas Darwinism was
- > concerned mainly with organisms, speciation and individuals. This is a
- major
- > paradigm shift and those who fail to appreciate it find themselves out
- of
- > step with the thinking of evolutionary biologists. Many instances of
- such
- > confusion can be seen here in the newsgroups, in the popular press, and
- in
- > the writings of anti-evolutionists.
- >
- > The major controversy among evolutionists today concerns the validity of
- > point #3 (above). The are many who believe that the fossil record at any
- one
- > site does not show gradual change but instead long periods of stasis
- followed
- > by rapid speciation. This model is referred to as Punctuated Equilibrium
- and
- > it is widely accepted as true, at least in some cases. The debate is
- over
- > the relative contributions of gradual versus punctuated change, the
- average
- > size of the punctuations, and the mechanism. To a large extent the
- debate is
- > over the use of terms and definitions, not over fundamentals. No new
- > mechanisms of evolution are needed to explain the model.
- >
- > Some scientists continue to refer to modern thought in evolution as
- > Neo-Darwinian. In some cases these scientists do not understand that the
- > field has changed but in other cases they are referring to what I have
- > called the Modern Synthesis, only they have retained the old name.
- >
- >
- > Laurence A. Moran (Larry)
-
- Is this really a discussion of the mechanism of evolution or the
- rate? The rate will definitely depend on the mechanism, but I think
- you've spoken almost entirely of the rate, not the mechanism.
- The major difference that I see in the field today is Mayr's view
- of speciation vs. Dobzhansky's (which could be thought to include Mayr's).
- Mayr said simply that speciation was a side product of geographic
- isolation (The founder effect). Dobzhansky's problem with Mayr's idea was
- that there would be no selective advantage to reproductive isolation
- (speciation) just because of geographic isolation. He believed that there
- was an initial separation of populations and some adaption to their
- environments. The two populations then might come together and begin
- hybridizing. If there had been enough adaption that the hybrids were less
- fit, those organisms unable to mate with heterospecific organisms (or even
- better, able to distinguish between conspecific and heterospecific
- individuals) would have a big competitive edge. Eventually, the two
- populations would become completely isolated reproductively.
- A not-so-minor variation on Dobzhansky's ideas has recently been
- proposed by my boss, DJ Howard at NMSU. (I mention it for interest,
- mostly. I'm sure others have also come up with variations I don't know
- about). His idea is that hybrid zones act as a "species pump", in which
- new species arise from all sorts of weirdness that happens in mosaic
- hybrid zones. If you're interested, I can post or email you some
- references on this sort of thing.
- Erik Powers
-