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- From: joe@decoy.uoregon.edu (Joe St Sauver)
- Newsgroups: sci.math.stat
- Subject: Re: Measures of Multi-Modality
- Keywords: multi-modality, bimodality
- Message-ID: <1k3kq7INN1ko@pith.uoregon.edu>
- Date: 26 Jan 93 15:19:35 GMT
- Article-I.D.: pith.1k3kq7INN1ko
- References: <1jkb22INN8ob@pith.uoregon.edu>
- Organization: University of Oregon Network Services
- Lines: 132
- NNTP-Posting-Host: decoy.uoregon.edu
-
- In article <1jkb22INN8ob@pith.uoregon.edu> I wrote:
-
- > I've got a researcher who is looking for a measure of
- > multi-modality (or "bi-polarity," if you will) such
- > that unimodal data would have a small score, and bimodal
- > or trimodal or n-modal data would have a large score.
- >
- > I'm at a loss for what to recommend -- any suggestions?
-
- I am pleased to say that I got a number of very helpful
- suggestions, and since several sci.math.stat readers requested
- a copy of any replies I received, the following replies
- are provided for your consideration. Since I've manually
- prepared this compendium of replies, any errors in
- 'digestification' are solely mine.
-
- Thanks again to all who took the time to help!
-
- Joe
-
- --------------------------------------------------------
-
- Date: Thu, 21 Jan 1993 08:03:00 -0700
- From: mglacy@lamar.ColoState.EDU
- To: joe@decoy.uoregon.edu
-
- I've approached a similar problem by phrasing it in terms of amount
- of variability. ( Could this sample have come from a population with
- more than some specified amount of variability---measuring variability
- with the Coefficient of Variation.) I don't know if this translation
- would work in in your situation. If you do get some interesting ideas
- about a direct test of modality, and they don't get posted to the net,
- I'd appreciate a brief note about what you hear.
-
- If the variability approach might work for you, I'd be glad to give
- more details, a citation, etc.
-
- --------------------------------------------------------
-
- Date: Fri, 22 Jan 1993 15:28:11 -0500
- From: fschwab@polaris.cv.nrao.edu (Fred Schwab)
- To: joe@decoy.uoregon.edu (Joe St Sauver)
-
- This might be of interest:
-
- B. W. Silverman, "On a test for multimodality based on kernel density
- estimates", MRC Tech. Summary Rep. 2181, U. of Wis. Math. Res. Ctr.,
- Feb. 1981.
-
- Abstract: Kernel probability density estimates can be used to construct
- a test of the hypothesis that the density underlying a given univariate
- data set has at least k modes, for any given k>=1. The test is based
- on the critical value of the smoothing parameter for k modes to occur
- in the estimate. The theoretical properties of this test are
- investigated;
- the asymptotic properties of the test statistic show that the test is
- consistent. Furthermore, ...
-
- Probably it was published, but I'm not sure where. If you're interested
- and have difficulty finding a copy of the report, or the published version
- thereof, I could Xerox for you the copy that I have.
-
- --------------------------------------------------------
-
- Date: 23 Jan 1993 01:56:45 +0100 (CET)
- From: Tomek Wyszomirski <TOMRYKI%PLEARN.BITNET@oregon.uoregon.edu>
- Subject: Bimodality & bimodalizability
-
- One of my colleagues has just passed me your question about bimodality
- measure. I had the problem of quantifying bimodality when analysing a
- large body of results of plant competition simulations. My solution
- cWyszomirski T. 1992. Detecting and displaying size bimodality: kurtosis,
- skewness and bimodalizable distributions. Journal of Theoretical Biology,
- 158(1): 109-128 (7 September 1992)! can be outlined as follows:
- (i) we can accept the kurtosis coefficient as a bimodality index for
- symmetric distributions. (ii) in skew distributions, skewness and kurtosis
- are not independent. So, we should modify the measure to separate the two
- characteristics. (iii) I propose the recipe: to perform skewness-removing
- (i.e.|g1|-minimizing) Box-Cox transformation and then to compute kurtosis
- coefficient for BC-transformed data. Since power/log transformation may
- sometimes create bimodality, I call this gBC (g2 for BC-transformed data)
- coefficient an index of bimodalizability.
-
- The above is a result of an entirely empirically-oriented approach.
- Statistically rigorous attempts to separate skewness and kurtosis have
- been made e.g. by Balanda & MacGillivray c1990. Kurtosis and spread -
- Canadian Journal of Statistics, 18: 17-30 and their earlier papers!.
-
- My gBC measure has some drawbacks, but I hope it will be useful for your
- purpose. If I can help you any more, please feel free to ask me by e-mail.
-
- If you (or others) try to apply my gBC coefficient, I would be very
- grateful for any comments on its performance.
-
- --------------------------------------------------------
-
- From: fschwab@daffy.CV.NRAO.EDU (Fred Schwab)
- Subject: Re: Measures of Multi-Modality
- Date: Sun, 24 Jan 93 16:44:46 EST
-
- Joe,
- I was using one of the online data bases today and decided, for
- fun, to see if there was anything recently published on multimodality
- tests. I came up with the following:
-
- E. Mammen, J.S. Marron, and N.I. Fisher, "Some asymptotics for
- multimodality tests based on kernel density estimates", Probability
- Theory and Related Fields, v. 91 (Jan. 1992) 115-132.
-
- Abstract: A test due to B.W. Silverman for modality of a probability
- density is based on counting modes of a kernel density estimator, and
- the idea of critical smoothing. An asymptotic formula is given for the
- expected number of modes. This, together with other methods, establishes
- the rate of convergence of the critically smoothed bandwidth. These ideas
- are extended to provide insight concerning behaviour of the test based on
- bootstrap critical values.
-
- I had never heard of this journal before, but I see that the
- university math library here (U.Va.) subscribes to it.
-
- --------------------------------------------------------
-
- Date: Sun, 24 Jan 93 20:52 PST
- From: jones@reed.edu (Albyn Jones)
-
- you might look at the book by Titterington, Smith, and Makov
- on finite mixture distributions. i don't have the exact title
- and so forth with me, if you need more info send me email.
-
- this is a hard problem, in general, so there may not be a simple answer.
-
- --------------------------------------------------------
-