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- Newsgroups: sci.lang
- Path: sparky!uunet!paladin.american.edu!news.univie.ac.at!hp4at!mcsun!sunic!seunet!enea!sommar
- From: sommar@enea.se (Erland Sommarskog)
- Subject: Re: Subject and object confusion (Was: Re: "n'ha"...)
- Message-ID: <1993Jan24.115746.29666@enea.se>
- Organization: Enea Data AB
- References: <1993Jan21.101921.5122@memstvx1.memst.edu> <1993Jan21.233044.4465@trl.oz.au> <librik.727687762@cory.Berkeley.EDU>
- Date: Sun, 24 Jan 1993 11:57:46 GMT
- Lines: 45
-
- David Librik (librik@cory.Berkeley.EDU) writes:
- >Jacques Guy (jbm@hal.trl.OZ.AU) writes:
- >>Yes, so in Latin (e.g. Catullus: dic mi te me amare), but in the
- >>Breton case, if memory serves me (I can't find my Breton grammar,
- >>koc'h!) that confusion could arise in the simplest sentence, i.e.
- >>a single, main clause.
- >
- >This appears in Welsh (which is related to Breton). You can emphasize a
- >certain word in a sentence by putting it first. So while the normal order
- >of a sentence is unambiguous:
- > Gwelodd Tom ci `Tom saw a dog'
- >if you make `dog' emphatic you end up with:
- > Ci welodd Tom `Tom saw a DOG' or `A DOG saw Tom'
-
- Well, again we can add several languages to the list. Swedish and
- German are two. In German you only get an ambiguity when none of
- the words are masculine with articles, so the example above does
- not translate well to German, since "Hund" is masculine, but take
- a cat instead:
-
- "Eine Katze sah Tom"
-
- I leave to Leo Connolly to sort out the fine details for German, but
- in Swedish:
-
- "En katt s}g Tom" ("}" = a-ring)
-
- You don't really know what this is without context. Normally you put the
- subject first, but then again you are more often talking of what Tom sees
- than what the cat sees.
-
- A somewhat similar problem occurred to me when reading a headline
- in an Italian newspaper. I have forgotten the words, but I had
-
- verb noun adjective noun adjective
-
- First noun was the subject, the second the object, so far so good but
- what confused me was my initial analysis of the adjectives which I
- assumed both were postpositioned which made the head line look very
- strange. (My Italian is not fanastastic.) It took me quite a while,
- until I realized that both adjectives belonged to the object. Italian
- is a good example on that you need case systems and that to have a
- free word order.
- --
- Erland Sommarskog - ENEA Data, Stockholm - sommar@enea.se
-