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- From: jgacker@news.gsfc.nasa.gov (James G. Acker)
- Subject: Re: On God and Science
- Message-ID: <1992Dec21.195506.2728@nsisrv.gsfc.nasa.gov>
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- Organization: Goddard Space Flight Center
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- References: <V7gZVB1w165w@kalki33>
- Date: Mon, 21 Dec 1992 19:55:06 GMT
- Lines: 130
-
-
- I'm going to break this in two parts, to make it easier to
- (burp) digest:
-
- kalki33!system@lakes.trenton.sc.us wrote:
- : jgacker@news.gsfc.nasa.gov (James G. Acker) writes:
-
- Discussing:
- : > : ON GOD AND SCIENCE
- : > : by Sadaputa Dasa
- : > : (c) 1992 The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust
- : > : Used by permission.
- :
- : > [intro, comments from O'Keefe, Pope Pius, and Hawking deleted]
- :
- ARTICLE: > : Owen Gingerich of the Harvard Smithsonian Center for
- : > Astrophysics. In a : lecture on modern cosmogony and Biblical
- : > creation, Gingerich also : interpreted the Big Bang as God's act of
- : > creation. He went on to say : that we are created in the image of
- : > God and that within us lies a : "divine creative spark, a touch of
- : > the infinite consciousness, and : conscience."[5]
- : > :
- : > : What is this "divine spark"? Gingerich's words suggest that it is
- : > : spiritual and gives rise to objectively observable behavior
- : > involving : conscience. But mainstream science rejects the idea of
- : > a nonphysical : conscious entity that influences matter. Could
- : > "divine spark" be just : another name for the brain, with its
- : > behavioral programming wired in by : genetic and cultural
- : > evolution? If this is what Gingerich meant, he : certainly chose
- : > misleading words to express it.
- :
- ACKER: >This is absolutely beautiful writing by Sadaputa. First of
- : > all, Gingerich, who basically said that science and religion should
- : > not cross borders at the Washington Cathedral Conference on
- : > Origins, does come quite close to the borders in his statement.
- : > Sadaputa plays on the implication that "objectively observable
- : > behavior involving conscience" is possible.
- :
- KALKI: Well, I can observe that I have a conscience. Therefore that conscience
- : is an "object" of my perception. It is objectively observable. I can
- : also observe that other persons behave in a way that matches my own when
- : I am having an "attack" of conscience. Therefore I conclude that others
- : have consciences too. They even tell me that they do. Is this not
- : scientific?
-
- ACKER: Mickey Rowe also made some valid comments on this topic, from
- a different perspective. To address your comment directly -- no, what
- you describe here is not scientific at all, it's strictly observation.
- You aren't formulating theories or testing them. I'll help you out --
- I grant that several questions could be addressed in a psychological
- study of personal moral orientation, such as: How does it develop? What
- is its initial manifestation in a child? How early? Are there cultural
- patterns which define it? Is it perturbed by legal impairment (clearly
- important in law)? Is it a function of right-hemisphere or left-hemisphere
- activity (i.e. when confronted with a moral choice, does a brain
- activity scan show more activity in the left- or right-hemispheres,
- indicating the problem is more objective or more abstract)? Don't
- forget to include controls and double-blind tests.
-
- ACKER: > His (Sadaputa's)
- : > statement implies that conscience is an inherent property of the
- : > brain, that is, there is a section of the brain that controls
- : > "conscience", just as there are areas devoted to the senses of
- : > smell and hearing.
- :
- KALKI: Actually, Sadaputa is mentioning this explanation for conscience not
- : because he himself embraces it but because it is one possible
- : explanation for conscience that does not stem from nonphysical entities
- : such as "the divine spark." This whole article is meant to point out
- : that one can not extend the materialistic paradigm indefinitely, and if
- : one pretends to do so he will eventually contradict himself. Sadaputa
- : does not, of course, think that conscience (or consciousness) is caused
- : by neurological activity.
-
- ACKER: I don't think so. I have granted Sadaputa's writing talent
- before... I think, by not defining conscience and yet implying that
- it is amenable to investigation, he grants it status commensurate with
- other brain functions which do _clearly_ produce objectively observable
- phenomenon.
- Interesting that you say Sadaputa does not think that "conscience
- (or consciousness)" is caused by neurological activity. We
- obviously do have competing theories -- I believe that consciousness is
- caused by neurological activity. The anti-statement -- lack of
- consciousness is caused by lack of neurological activity -- is easily
- demonstrated by placing a plastic bag over one's head, tying it
- tightly at the neck, and continuing to inhale. A post-mortem
- examination will show no evidence of neurological activity or
- consciousness.
-
- ACKER: > Conscience, however, is a product of moral
- : > training and is therefore a learned behavior, and not an inherent
- : > "wired-in" property. Thus, the "divine spark" lies at a level more
- : > fundamental than where science could find it, and being a
- : > nonphysical entity, the "spark" does not influence matter.
- :
- KALKI: But according to the materialistic paradigm, the propensity of humans to
- : "morally train" their children must have a basis in biology, chemistry
- : or physics, as must the propensity of children to exhibit "learned
- : behavior." Therefore the argument that conscience is "acquired, not
- : innate" just pushes the issue back a notch.
- ***One still must explain how a
- : bunch of molecules and cells operating solely under the laws of physics
- : and chemistry are feeling pangs of conscience, and knowing that they are
- : feeling them!***
-
- ACKER: Point taken (denoted by ***). I have a very distinct feeling
- we will remain at loggerheads at what constitutes "consciousness", not a
- field in which I feel particularly qualified to address. You and t.o.
- readers who are attempting to follow our debate (of which there are
- regrettably few, I fear) might be interest to know that one or two
- issues back of _Discover_ magazine had a cover story entitled "10 Great
- Unanswered Questions of Science", and one of the 10 was "What is
- Consciousness?" (Another was the origin of life, which is how I learned
- Jack Corliss is at Goddard.)
- My impression: conscience is a product of memory -- you remember
- something as bad or good, and after awhile it becomes a subconscious
- response. Goes back to the book title "All I Ever Needed to Know I
- Learned in Kindergarten". I occasionally get a "bad" feeling about peas
- when I eat them because I once had stomach flu and vomited up a serving
- of peas. Am I having an attack of conscience about peas? Not really --
- but it's a remarkably similar feeling! Practitioners of high theology
- are unlikely to cite my feeling as evidence of God's existence, however.
- Since memory is tied in with the complexity of the brain's
- neural network, it is not a question we can resolve.
-
- Jim Acker
- jgacker@neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov
-
- [remainder deleted for next posting]
-
-