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- From: ckp@netcom.com (Charles Pooley)
- Subject: Re: SSTO vs 2 stage
- Message-ID: <1992Dec30.211506.19286@netcom.com>
- Summary: a good reason for 2sto
- Organization: Netcom - Online Communication Services (408 241-9760 guest)
- References: <C025yp.A1.1@cs.cmu.edu>
- Distribution: sci
- Date: Wed, 30 Dec 1992 21:15:06 GMT
- Lines: 30
-
-
- People keep debating the merits of 2sto vs ssto, and are overlooking what
- I think is the main consideration.
-
- In climbing and accelerating to orbit it can be said there are 2 distinct
- environments in which the rocket operates. Near liftoff, there is
- substantial atmospheric pressure and aerodynamic loads as the rocket
- accelerates through 'max-q' and towards the 2nd environment: near vacuum
- conditions at altitudes above about 200,000'.
-
- So, for the 1st environment, the 1st stage should have the durability to
- cope with the aerodynamic loads and have engines optimised for use in
- atmpsphere. As the velocity attained by the 1st stage will be less than
- the exhaust velocity, the mass ratio and specific impulse will be moderate.
-
- Also, a means of recovery would be built into the 1st stage (but not nec.
- the 2nd). The 1st stage might also have a shroud to contain and protect
- the 2nd (for small rockets, at least).
-
- The 2nd stage will have the highest Isp possible, a large nozzle for the
- vacuum conditions, and little or no consideration for aerodynamics.
-
- The general idea, it seems, is not to take any component or capability
- of the rocket past the point it is needed. ie, wings, landing gear,
- parachutes, rugged construction etc for low altitude conditions not go
- beyond staging point. The Saturn V is a good example--O2/RP1 for 1st
- stage and H2/O2 and vacuum operating engines for altitude.
- --
- Charles Pooley ckp@netcom.com GEnie c.pooley
- EE consultant, Los Angeles, CA
-