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- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Path: sparky!uunet!cs.utexas.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!rpi!gatech!nntp.msstate.edu!Ra.MsState.Edu!rsf1
- From: rsf1@Ra.MsState.Edu (Robert S. Fritzius)
- Subject: Re: General Relativity Tests
- Message-ID: <rsf1.725654609@Ra.MsState.Edu>
- Keywords: Advancement in Perihelion, Einstein, Ritz, Tolman
- Sender: news@ra.msstate.edu
- Nntp-Posting-Host: ra.msstate.edu
- Organization: Mississippi State University
- Date: Tue, 29 Dec 1992 18:43:29 GMT
- Lines: 125
-
- In article <rsf1.725556854@Ra.MsState.Edu> I showed one version of
- Einstein's approach for calculating the advancement in perihelion
- *per revolution* for a planet:
-
- 24 * pi^3 * a^2
- + ------------------------ (1)
- T^2 * c^2 * (1 - e^2)
-
- where a = semi-major axis of planetary ellipse
- T = period of revolution
- c = speed of light
- e = eccentricity of planetary ellipse
-
- then, by using the first order approximation:
-
- pi^2 * a^2 v^2
- ------------ = -------- , (2)
- T^2 * c^2 c^2
-
- where v is the average speed of the planet in orbit.
-
- I simplifed Einstein's expression (1) to:
-
- 24 * pi v^2
- ----------- * -------- (3)
- (1 - e^2) c^2
-
- Then I messed up by making this revised expression equal the 43 seconds
- of arc advancement *per century* for Mercury instead of its value
- (whatever that is) *per revolution.*
-
- Egg on my face. Sorry!
-
- Then I said:
-
- >It's my understanding that the c^2 factor relates to Einstein's view that
- >gravitational effects (static and dynamic) travel at the speed of light and
- >that 'c' in this case represents *the* gravitational propagation speed.
-
- In article <1992Dec29.004800.22768@sfu.ca> Leigh Palmer, palmer@sfu.ca
- writes.
-
- >You are putting these words into his mouth. Why is that your under-
- >standing? [Stuff deleted]
-
- A couple of years back I was trying to push some of Walter Ritz's ideas
- off on a Physics prof at Case Western (CWRU). In particular, I was
- pressing the point that in (1908) Ritz, in principle, beat Einstein to
- the punch by suggesting that the larger part of the advancement of
- Mercury's perihelion could be solved using Galilean relativity and
- retarded speed-of-light (gravitational) potentials.
-
- The prof's response (paraphrased here) was, "Any theory that assigns the
- speed of light to the speed of gravity will solve the perihelion
- advancement problem." To me, he was saying that the advancement of
- perihelion cannot not be a critical test between Ritz and Einstein because
- they both have the same speed for the propagation of gravitational
- (supposedly static and/or dynamic) fields.
-
- Palmer went on to say:
-
- >The formula does, indeed refer to a particle moving in a static
- >gravitational field, that of the sun, and employs the approximation
- >that the sun is stationary. Thus the question of the speed with which
- >the gravitational field "propagates" never arises.
-
- Tom Van Flandern, where are you?
-
- Last night I checked Tolman's, Relativity Thermodynamics and Cosmology
- on the perihelion advancement issue, pp 205-209, (1934). He arrives at
- an *approximate* expression for the advancement *per revolution* of:
-
- m^2
- 6 * pi * ------- , T(83.19) (4)
- h^2
-
- (This will be compared to the simplified Einstein equation (3), above.)
-
- where: m = mass of sun (units defined on Tolman's p. 202)
-
- d(phi)
- h = r^2 * ------- T(83.11) (5)
- d(s)
-
- This is relativistic expression almost equal to the swept out
- equal areas in equal times thing, and:
-
- r = sun-planet distance (as defined appropriately)
-
- d(phi) is the differential in longitude of the planet
-
- d(s) is an element of proper time as measured with a
- local clock moving with the planet
-
- Tolman sets
-
- d(phi)^2 v^2
- r^2 * --------- = ----- T(p.208) (6)
- d(s)^2 c^2
-
- v^2
- so h^2 = r^2 * ------ from (5) and (6) (7)
- c^2
-
- If we plug expression (7) for h^2 back into (4) we get:
-
- Longitudinal advancement in perihelion per orbit:
-
- m^2 c^2
- 6 * pi * --- * ----- Tolman (8)
- r^2 v^2
-
- 24 * pi v^2
- ----------- * ----- Einstein (3)
- (1 - e^2) c^2
-
-
- Note that Tolman's (v^2/c^2) got inverted, as compared to that in the
- simplified Einstein expression (3). Comments?
-
-
- Robert S. Fritzius rsf1@ra.msstate.edu
-
-
-
-