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- Xref: sparky sci.philosophy.tech:4657 sci.logic:2509
- Newsgroups: sci.philosophy.tech,sci.logic
- Path: sparky!uunet!pmafire!mica.inel.gov!guinness!opal.idbsu.edu!holmes
- From: holmes@opal.idbsu.edu (Randall Holmes)
- Subject: Re: Quantifiers
- Message-ID: <1992Dec30.230419.4341@guinness.idbsu.edu>
- Sender: usenet@guinness.idbsu.edu (Usenet News mail)
- Nntp-Posting-Host: opal
- Organization: Boise State University
- References: <1hntpkINNnp8@cat.cis.Brown.EDU> <1992Dec30.183153.2819@guinness.idbsu.edu> <1hsvljINNb0h@cat.cis.Brown.EDU>
- Date: Wed, 30 Dec 1992 23:04:19 GMT
- Lines: 142
-
- In article <1hsvljINNb0h@cat.cis.Brown.EDU> PL436000@brownvm.brown.edu (Jamie) writes:
- >>From: holmes@opal.idbsu.edu (Randall Holmes)
- >
- >Oh, good, he's back.
- >
- >I'm only going to reply to this one, not to the later two.
- >
- >>>>I do not agree with Zeleny that quantification involves ontological
- >>>>commitment to the domain over which one is quantifying as a completed
- >>>>totality. It merely involves commitment to each of the objects in the
- >>>>domain. I'll admit that I am committed to an ontology including all
- >>>>of the quantification ranges, since there is only one, the universe,
- >>>>which is in fact an object! But this involves taking unfair advantage
- >>>>of my NF advocacy; even from a ZFC standpoint, it can be observed that
- >>>>quantification ranges are not necessarily objects; they can be
- >>>>non-reified predicates, and they can be "referred to" using
- >>>>syntactical means.
- >>>
- >>>I hope I don't have to ask for the longer reply!
- >>
- >>Well, yes, you do. Do you want it?
- >
- >Yes (he said with some trepidation).
- >
- >>I'm not sure which paradox is Grellings's. It is possible to state
- >>semantic paradoxes using quoted predicates instead of reified
- >>predicates; for instance "'Yields a falsehood when preceded by its
- >>quotation' yields a falsehood when preceded by its quotation". What
- >>"gives" here is the existence of the truth (or falsehood) predicate
- >>for sentences. But these are not set-theoretical paradoxes; the set
- >>theoretical paradoxes all involve reification.
- >
- >Ok. You won't get a set-theoretic paradox unless the work is done
- >with sets. I should have understood what you were saying, but
- >I didn't.
- >
- >You now know what Grelling's paradox is. I suppose it won't be the
- >Truth predicate that "gives," then, but the "satisfaction"
- >predicate.
- >
- >>Not exactly. The trick I favor is to adopt the axiom of stratified
- >>comprehension, which implies that separation must be false. I have
- >>been at pains to point out that my objections to Zeleny's arguments on
- >>this thread have the same force from the usual ZFC standpoint.
- >>Russell's paradox shows that Separation must fail in any set theory
- >>with a universal set, but I see no virtue in abandoning Separation
- >>_per se_; I abandon it in pursuit of something else.
- >
- >Ok.
- >
- >>>I can restrict my quantifiers, too. I suppose that denying Separation
- >>>means that there are some ways I cannot restrict them. For example,
- >>>I CAN say something like, "Everything blue is also square." May
- >>>I also say, meaningfully, "Every quantifier that has another
- >>>quantifier in its range commits its employer to abstract objects"?
- >>
- >>No. First-order logic does not commit one to abstract objects at all.
- >
- >No, but I thought you had no compunctions about abstract objects.
- >So I'm not following you here.
- >Oh, wait, I get it.
- >As the sequel shows, I wasn't asking whether I could say that TRULY.
- >
- >>>(I am not at all interested, right now, in whether I can say that
- >>>TRULY, only MEANINGFULLY.)
- >>
- >>I conjecture that you can say it meaningfully, but I think that it
- >>comes down to some kind of statement about syntax. I'm not certain
- >>about this. This is related to Zeleny's question about whether one
- >>can state the principle of ontological commitment.
- >
- >My question was whether I could (a) quantify over quantifiers, and
- >(b) restrict my quantifiers by using any meaningful predicate I choose.
- >
- >If I can, then I essentially have Separation for quantifiers.
- >
- >I will explain shortly (but maybe not terribly clearly).
- >
- >>>Can I meaningfully say, "Some quantifiers have themselves in their
- >>range."?
- >>
- >>Eh? A quantifier is a syntactical device (a character string or a
- >>Godel number); it falls in the range of lots of quantifiers.
- >
- >So, I suppose the answer is "Yes."
- >
- >>>I won't insult you by leading you down such an obvious path. You can
- >>>see better than I can where this is going.
- >>
- >>As I said, I'm not certain.
- >
- >Ok, here goes.
- >
- >Quantifier Separation:
- >For any meaningful quantifier, Q, and any meaningful open formula, F,
- >there is another meaningful quantifier, Q*, such that Q* ranges
- >over all and only those things x such that (Q ranges over x AND
- >x satisfies F).
- >
- >Quantifier Universality:
- >There is an unrestricted quantifier, one which ranges over everything.
- >
- >These two seem to be inconsistent.
- >Let F be the formula "__does not range over itself." Let Q be the
- >Unrestricted Quantifier. Then Q* (from Quantifier Separation)
- >is a quantifier that ranges over all and only those things that
- >do not range over themselves. But this is impossible, since
- >Q* would then range over itself iff it did not.
- >
- >Let me guess.
- >Stratification, right? For quantifiers?
- >
- >Jamie
-
- Restricted quantifiers, in ZFC or NF, are nothing more than formulae
- with one free variable; (for all x in range Q)(P) means nothing more
- than (for _all_ x)(if "Q holds of x" then P). There is no other way
- of introducing restricted quantifiers in either theory.
-
- Not stratification, since the universal quantifier exists in ZFC, too.
- Your principle of Quantifier Separation is no problem. Your
- quantifiers might as well be "formulae with one free variable" (in the
- language of ZFC + constants for every object, for the sake of
- argument): your principle of quantifier separation is then seen to
- assert that for each formula Q and formula F, there is a formula Q*
- satisfied by exactly those x such that x satisfies Q and x satisfies
- F. This is true: the formula is "Q and F". But your purported
- formula "x does not range over x" is not a formula, because it
- translates to "formula x does not satisfy formula x", and the notion
- of satisfaction cannot be expressed by any formula. Your argument is
- just flat wrong.
-
- Give it up: universal quantification is _not_ paradoxical.
-
-
-
-
- --
- The opinions expressed | --Sincerely,
- above are not the "official" | M. Randall Holmes
- opinions of any person | Math. Dept., Boise State Univ.
- or institution. | holmes@opal.idbsu.edu
-