home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Xref: sparky sci.philosophy.tech:4656 sci.logic:2507
- Path: sparky!uunet!dtix!darwin.sura.net!jvnc.net!yale.edu!qt.cs.utexas.edu!news.Brown.EDU!news.Brown.EDU!news
- From: PL436000@brownvm.brown.edu (Jamie)
- Newsgroups: sci.philosophy.tech,sci.logic
- Subject: Quantifiers
- Message-ID: <1hsvljINNb0h@cat.cis.Brown.EDU>
- Date: 30 Dec 92 20:09:11 GMT
- References: <1992Dec25.052154.18835@husc3.harvard.edu> <1992Dec28.190416.1204@guinness.idbsu.edu> <1hntpkINNnp8@cat.cis.Brown.EDU> <1992Dec30.183153.2819@guinness.idbsu.edu>
- Organization: Brown University - Providence, Rhode Island USA
- Lines: 112
- NNTP-Posting-Host: brownvm.brown.edu
- News-Software: BNN via BNN_POST v1.0 beta
-
- >From: holmes@opal.idbsu.edu (Randall Holmes)
-
- Oh, good, he's back.
-
- I'm only going to reply to this one, not to the later two.
-
- >>>I do not agree with Zeleny that quantification involves ontological
- >>>commitment to the domain over which one is quantifying as a completed
- >>>totality. It merely involves commitment to each of the objects in the
- >>>domain. I'll admit that I am committed to an ontology including all
- >>>of the quantification ranges, since there is only one, the universe,
- >>>which is in fact an object! But this involves taking unfair advantage
- >>>of my NF advocacy; even from a ZFC standpoint, it can be observed that
- >>>quantification ranges are not necessarily objects; they can be
- >>>non-reified predicates, and they can be "referred to" using
- >>>syntactical means.
- >>
- >>I hope I don't have to ask for the longer reply!
- >
- >Well, yes, you do. Do you want it?
-
- Yes (he said with some trepidation).
-
- >I'm not sure which paradox is Grellings's. It is possible to state
- >semantic paradoxes using quoted predicates instead of reified
- >predicates; for instance "'Yields a falsehood when preceded by its
- >quotation' yields a falsehood when preceded by its quotation". What
- >"gives" here is the existence of the truth (or falsehood) predicate
- >for sentences. But these are not set-theoretical paradoxes; the set
- >theoretical paradoxes all involve reification.
-
- Ok. You won't get a set-theoretic paradox unless the work is done
- with sets. I should have understood what you were saying, but
- I didn't.
-
- You now know what Grelling's paradox is. I suppose it won't be the
- Truth predicate that "gives," then, but the "satisfaction"
- predicate.
-
- >Not exactly. The trick I favor is to adopt the axiom of stratified
- >comprehension, which implies that separation must be false. I have
- >been at pains to point out that my objections to Zeleny's arguments on
- >this thread have the same force from the usual ZFC standpoint.
- >Russell's paradox shows that Separation must fail in any set theory
- >with a universal set, but I see no virtue in abandoning Separation
- >_per se_; I abandon it in pursuit of something else.
-
- Ok.
-
- >>I can restrict my quantifiers, too. I suppose that denying Separation
- >>means that there are some ways I cannot restrict them. For example,
- >>I CAN say something like, "Everything blue is also square." May
- >>I also say, meaningfully, "Every quantifier that has another
- >>quantifier in its range commits its employer to abstract objects"?
- >
- >No. First-order logic does not commit one to abstract objects at all.
-
- No, but I thought you had no compunctions about abstract objects.
- So I'm not following you here.
- Oh, wait, I get it.
- As the sequel shows, I wasn't asking whether I could say that TRULY.
-
- >>(I am not at all interested, right now, in whether I can say that
- >>TRULY, only MEANINGFULLY.)
- >
- >I conjecture that you can say it meaningfully, but I think that it
- >comes down to some kind of statement about syntax. I'm not certain
- >about this. This is related to Zeleny's question about whether one
- >can state the principle of ontological commitment.
-
- My question was whether I could (a) quantify over quantifiers, and
- (b) restrict my quantifiers by using any meaningful predicate I choose.
-
- If I can, then I essentially have Separation for quantifiers.
-
- I will explain shortly (but maybe not terribly clearly).
-
- >>Can I meaningfully say, "Some quantifiers have themselves in their
- >range."?
- >
- >Eh? A quantifier is a syntactical device (a character string or a
- >Godel number); it falls in the range of lots of quantifiers.
-
- So, I suppose the answer is "Yes."
-
- >>I won't insult you by leading you down such an obvious path. You can
- >>see better than I can where this is going.
- >
- >As I said, I'm not certain.
-
- Ok, here goes.
-
- Quantifier Separation:
- For any meaningful quantifier, Q, and any meaningful open formula, F,
- there is another meaningful quantifier, Q*, such that Q* ranges
- over all and only those things x such that (Q ranges over x AND
- x satisfies F).
-
- Quantifier Universality:
- There is an unrestricted quantifier, one which ranges over everything.
-
- These two seem to be inconsistent.
- Let F be the formula "__does not range over itself." Let Q be the
- Unrestricted Quantifier. Then Q* (from Quantifier Separation)
- is a quantifier that ranges over all and only those things that
- do not range over themselves. But this is impossible, since
- Q* would then range over itself iff it did not.
-
- Let me guess.
- Stratification, right? For quantifiers?
-
- Jamie
-