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- From: israel@unixg.ubc.ca (Robert B. Israel)
- Newsgroups: sci.math,sci.physics
- Subject: Re: Bayes' theorem and QM
- Date: 30 Dec 92 22:32:04 GMT
- Organization: The University of British Columbia
- Lines: 83
- Message-ID: <israel.725754724@unixg.ubc.ca>
- References: <1992Dec24.101452.16194@oracorp.com> <1ht1arINNf8a@chnews.intel.com>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: unixg.ubc.ca
-
- In <1ht1arINNf8a@chnews.intel.com> bhoughto@sedona.intel.com (Blair P. Houghton) writes:
-
- >In article <1992Dec24.101452.16194@oracorp.com> daryl@oracorp.com (Daryl McCullough) writes:
- >>It would be nice if the volume of a region of space were always
- >>well-defined, but it is not. A demonstration due to Banach and Tarski
- >>showed that it is possible (mathematically, rather than physically
- >>possible) to decompose a sphere into a finite number of pieces and
- >>then recombine them by rotations and translations to get two complete
- >>spheres. It is easy to see that these pieces cannot possibly have
- >>volumes, since that would lead to the conclusion that the volume of
- >>two spheres equals the volume of one sphere.
- >>
- >>So one cannot always assume that *every* set has a measure (or volume,
- >>or probability).
-
- >I'll buy the explanation (conditioned on the conjecture
- >that such a situation might exist, which as yet isn't
- >anything more than conjecture), but not the example.
-
- I'm jumping in here without seeing McCullough's article, so I don't know
- what you're calling "explanation", "conjecture", "situation" and "example".
- But what Banach and Tarski have is a theorem. If you don't buy it, you
- don't buy the Axiom of Choice.
-
- >The two spheres thus formed do indeed have the same volume
- >sum as the original sphere, but each has less volume than
- >the original, or else they weren't composed of a finite
- >number of pieces[*], or else when constructed they contained
- >gaps, internally.
-
- The pieces are _very_ strange sets. But they fit together perfectly,
- without gaps. The spheres are solid.
-
- >That, or their "volume" is fractal, being the effective
- >volume of a convoluted surface, and therefore isn't
- >actually of order 3 but of some order less than 3 and
- >greater than 2.
-
- The pieces are much stranger than fractals. They (or at least
- some of them) are non-measurable sets. Impossible to really
- visualize, but think of dense "clouds" of points.
-
- > This way you get a finite number of pieces
- >but some pieces are composed of an infinite number of
- >infinitesimal objects connected by infinitesimal objects,
- >e.g. concentric spheres of rational diameters connected
- >by a single diameter, leaving concentric spheres of
- >irrational diameters connected by a single chord displaced
- >from the diameter by an irrational, infinitesimal amount (i.e.,
- >tangent to the smallest spherical shell of irrational diameter).
-
- "Irrational, infinitesimal"? No such animal. We're dealing with
- real numbers here.
-
- >And it might even be "possible" physically; imagine a large
- >crystal of NaCl carved to be spherical. Now separate
- >disintegrate it so that you have two spheres, one only of
- >Na+ ions and one only of Cl- ions, with each ion in its
- >original position wrt the center of mass of its own kind.
- >Their masses are each now less than the original, but their
- >"volumes" are each at least as large (likely larger and
- >expanding at a fantastic rate, unless you do something
- >interesting like containing them inside inert, solid shells
- >for the purpose of argument).
-
- >But that's beside the point.
-
- The construction is extremely non-physical. It is talking about
- mathematical spheres, composed of mathematical points. Collections
- of atoms are something else entirely.
-
- >Are there any constraints on the mathematics of "quantum
- >probabilities" that are similar to Sigma algebras for
- >"classical probabilities?"
-
- > --Blair
- > "Beside the point is of
- > course another point."
- --
- Robert Israel israel@math.ubc.ca
- Department of Mathematics or israel@unixg.ubc.ca
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Y4
-