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- From: nate@psygate.psych.indiana.edu (Nathan Engle)
- Subject: Re: Columbus vs Indians (was Re: PC lives)
- Message-ID: <nate.987@psygate.psych.indiana.edu>
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- Organization: Psych Department, Indiana University
- References: <nate.975@psygate.psych.indiana.edu> <1h9nlaINNa0k@cronkite.Central.Sun.COM> <nate.980@psygate.psych.indiana.edu> <Bzqrsn.BAw@ns1.nodak.edu>
- Date: Thu, 24 Dec 1992 17:13:17 GMT
- Lines: 69
-
- green@plains.NoDak.edu (Brad Green) writes:
- >nate@psygate.psych.indiana.edu (Nathan Engle) writes:
- >> Your theory concerning cannibalism amongst the Carribs is hardly
- >>sufficient to account for the deaths of over 95 million people in scarcely
- >>30 years, nor for that matter is the theory that Aztec human sacrifice
- >>was responsible given that the Aztec empire was destroyed before most of
- >>the population destruction was complete.
-
- >The cannibalism among the Carribs isn't a theory, it's an accepted fact.
-
- I don't deny that the Carribs practised cannibalism, but I don't think
- that it could possibly have been responsible for the population collapse
- in the Americas in the 1500s.
-
- >Now, let's get into statement of 95 million people being killed in 30
- >years. Can you quote a source for this figure? I'm not saying it isn't
- >true, I would just like to do some reading on it myself - the figure seems
- >unrealisticly high.
-
- It certainly boggles the imagination - of that there is no doubt. My
- source for the figure is William H. McNeill's book _Plagues_and_Peoples_
- but I've seen the 100 million+ population figure for pre-1500s America
- in a couple other places. There was an article in _Discovery_ magazine
- a while back that covered this question; I'll dig up the issue number if
- you like.
-
- Because native American civilizations never created written records
- or census data, any attempts to determine the pre-1500s population of the
- New World are forced to rely at some point on estimates. However from
- archaeological remains it's possible to determine the physical size of
- inhabited areas, and also to be found in archaeological remains are clues
- of the extent of agricultural production (which would be the primary factor
- in determining the maximum population densities the land would be able to
- support).
-
- Using these methods it's then possible to project an estimate of total
- numbers. In _Plagues_and_Peoples_ I believe that McNeill placed the
- population of the Americas at around 120 million, of whom 30 million
- lived under Aztec rule and another 30 million or so lived under the
- Incas. Most of the remainder were concentrated in Central America, the
- islands in the Carribean, and along the Mississippi and Ohio river
- valleys (basically those areas best suited to Neolithic agricultural
- techniques).
-
- We're accustomed to thinking of the native inhabitants of the New
- World as primarily hunter-gatherers since that's the lifestyle that
- is most often depicted in the movies, but before the breakup of the large
- coastal and river valley civilizations hunter-gatherers probably formed a
- much smaller percentage of the overall total population than was the case
- when the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth rock roughly 120 years after the
- Spaniard's initial contact with the natives.
-
- Because of the nature of "civilized" diseases, large population
- centers were the best able to sustain the spread of epidemics and they
- were consequently the most vulnerable. A lot of people are familiar with
- the stories of incredibly small Spanish armies defeating the Aztec and
- Incan empires, but the river valley civilizations in North America
- apparently collapsed without any military pressure at all.
-
- Overall I would agree with the statement that pre-1500s population
- estimates are highly speculative, but I would say that the one thing
- which is above question is the central devastating role of disease above
- that of enslavement or conquest in the ultimate collapse of pre-1500s
- population centers.
-
- --
- Nathan Engle Software Juggler
- Psychology Department Indiana University
- nate@psygate.psych.indiana.edu nengle@copper.ucs.indiana.edu
-