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- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Path: sparky!uunet!stanford.edu!CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU!Sunburn.Stanford.EDU!pratt
- From: pratt@Sunburn.Stanford.EDU (Vaughan R. Pratt)
- Subject: Taylor-Laurent series
- Message-ID: <1992Nov22.001847.5682@CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU>
- Sender: news@CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU
- Organization: Computer Science Department, Stanford University.
- References: <1992Nov20.190744.6915@meteor.wisc.edu> <1992Nov20.230233.18271@CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU> <abian.722318103@pv343f.vincent.iastate.edu>
- Date: Sun, 22 Nov 1992 00:18:47 GMT
- Lines: 82
-
- In article <abian.722318103@pv343f.vincent.iastate.edu> abian@iastate.edu (Alexander Abian) writes:
- >
- >Dear Mr. Pratt: 11-20-92
- >
- >You write:
- >
- >> Now that I look again I don't see how it
- >>follows that this sum of singularities need be a singularity. Unless
- >>Abian can demonstrate this, I would say *that* was a real flaw in
- >>his argument. Mr. Abian?
- >
- > I have given the demonstration (see the unabridged version that I think
- >I specially posted for you). Now, you are asking for more details, e.g. that
- >I have to prove that long division in descending powers gives the Laurent
- >expansion. I can give that proof (and in my proof no use of FTA is made).
- >But then you may ask me for the proof of something else, and so on.
-
- No, it's simpler than that, I just have one question so small and easy
- you should have no objection to answering it directly in this forum.
-
- Your argument mentions a series differing from
-
- 1/z + 1/z^2 + 1/z^3 + ...
-
- only in its choice of coefficients. You then ask us to infer that this
- is the series of a function with an essential singularity at z=0.
-
- My question is, why should this sum have any singularity at all at z=0?
-
- To illustrate my question, consider the function 1/(z-1), which
- certainly has no singularity at z=0. Now factor it as 1/z * 1/(1-1/z),
- expand the second factor as 1 + 1/z + 1/z^2 + ..., and multiply by the
- first factor to arrive at
-
- 1/z + 1/z^2 + 1/z^3 + ...
-
- The logic you use in your argument would appear to assign to this sum
- an essential singularity at z=0. Yet we have just seen that the sum
- is in fact -1. For additional confirmation, setting z=1/2 makes this
- sum in binary ...1111110, which as any computer programmer can see at a
- glance is two's-complement for -2, in agreement with 1/(1/2 - 1). A
- little algebra shows that setting z=1/p makes ...111110, interpreted in
- radix p, equal to -p/(p-1), which as p tends to infinity tends to -1.
- (This is a tiny part of the fascinating theory of p-adic numbers.)
-
- > On the other hand, if you are accepting my wager ...
-
- It is undignified for the myopic to bet with each other on a horse race
- after it is over.
-
- Your example of calculating the Taylor-Laurent series for "-3z+2+z^2"
- was extremely nice. Can anyone supply the names of those symbolic
- algebra systems that can perform Taylor-Laurent expansions in regions
- other than those connected to infinity? If I understand my 1988
- Mathematica manual correctly, the closest Mathematica can come to this
- is to permit expansion about infinity, which presumably will not allow
- one to use Mathematica to obtain the nice expansion Abian has given us
- in the annulus 1 < |z| < 2.
-
- Taylor series were understood by Gregory (forty years before Taylor) in
- the 17th century, and perhaps by the Indians (East) in the 16th
- century. I don't know who Laurent is (can someone please supply this
- information? I couldn't find it in any of my usual sources), but
- presumably the Taylor-Laurent series was well in hand by the 19th
- century.
-
- This prompts the following very interesting question. Which of today's
- symbolic algebra systems have made it into the 19th century?
-
- Mr. Abian's evident facility with the tricky computations of Laurent
- series in annuli lying between singularities would suggest the obvious
- strategy for any proprietor of such a system wanting to bring it that
- much more up to date. But stock up on the Kleenex, one close encounter
- with dbxtool should be the lachrymal equivalent of Tammy Baker reading
- Love Story.
-
- I understand Newton became something of a crackpot in later life. If
- TIME HAS INERTIA and Newton were alive today and battier than ever, I'm
- sure Wolfram RI or Soft Warehouse would still jump at the opportunity
- to number him among their consultants.
- --
- Vaughan Pratt A fallacy is worth a thousand steps.
-