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- Xref: sparky sci.physics:19173 sci.optics:1173 alt.sci.physics.new-theories:2338
- Newsgroups: sci.physics,sci.optics,alt.sci.physics.new-theories
- Path: sparky!uunet!well!sarfatti
- From: sarfatti@well.sf.ca.us (Jack Sarfatti)
- Subject: Quantum analysis of Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
- Message-ID: <BxxJA4.E2E@well.sf.ca.us>
- Sender: news@well.sf.ca.us
- Organization: Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link
- Date: Wed, 18 Nov 1992 20:51:40 GMT
- Lines: 128
-
-
- Clarification of Ramsay Sarfatti debate in simple case.
-
- #1 Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) with ordinary unconnected one photon
- input.
-
- The MZI consists of two 50-50 non-absorbing beam splitters (\\) and two
- nonabsorbing mirrors (\).
-
- ---->\\---------\
- |a> | |t> |
- | - phase plate (phi)
- | |
- \----------\\----- |tr+rt> = |I1> interferogram 1
- |r> |
- |
- |
- |tt+rr> = |I2> interferogram 2
-
- Fig.1A MZI (orthogonal ket)
-
- A. The first beam splitter resolves the input photon ket |a> into
-
- |a> -> [|t> + i|r>]/sqrt2
-
- The i is from reflection at the first beam splitter.
-
- <t|r> = 0
-
- <t|a> = 1/sqrt2
-
- <r|a> = i/sqrt2
-
- The effect of the phase plate (all optical paths otherwise equal) is
-
- |t> -> e^iphi |t>
-
- so that
-
- [|t> + |r>]/sqrt2 -> [e^iphi|t> + |r>]/sqrt2
-
- Interferogram 1 is then
-
- [ie^iphi|t> + i|r>]/2 = |I1>
-
- <I1|I2> = 1
-
- The probability of counter 1 to "click" is then
-
- p(1) = |<1|I1>|^2
-
- = |[ie^iphi<1|t> + i<1|r>]/2|^2
-
- = [|<1|t>|^2 + |<1|r>|^2 + 2|<1|t>||<1|r>|cos(phi + arg<1|t> - arg<1|r>)]/4
-
- similarly, interferogram 2 is
-
- [-|r> + e^iphi |t>]/2 = |I2>
-
- <I2|I2> = 1
-
- note that <I2|I1> = 0
-
- and
-
- p(2) = |<2|I2>|^2
-
- = |[e^iphi<2|t> - <2|r>]/2|^2
-
- = [|<2|t>|^2 + |<2|r>|^2 - 2|<2|t>||<2|r>|cos(phi + arg<2|t> - arg<2|r>)]/4
-
-
- p(1) + p(2) = 1
-
- is satisfied if
-
- <1|t> = <1|r> = <2|t> = <2|r>
-
- |<1|t>| = 1
-
- so that
-
- p(1) = [1 + cos(phi)]/2
-
- p(2) = [1 - cos(phi)]/2
-
- * Note that phi is definite. There is no reason to assume that phi is
- random as Ramsay requires. There is no sum over phi required in an
- individual experiment in order to conserve probability. This is a
- significan difference from the classic 2-slit experiment. The MZ experiment
- has a "discrete" screen of only two resolution-limited "points" in contrast
- to the large number of resolution-limited points in the 2-slit experiment.
-
- This model in which <t|r> = 0, requires 8 adhoc unobservable real
- parameters which must be adjusted to get the right answer.
-
- B. A much simpler model based upon the Feynman histories picture is:
-
- ---->\\---------\
- |a> | + |
- | - phase plate (phi)
- | |
- \----------\\----- |tr+rt> = |1> interferogram 1
- - |
- |
- |
- |tt+rr> = |2> interferogram 2
-
- Fig.1B MZI (Feynman histories)
-
- |a> = |1><1|a> + |2><2|a>
-
- <1|a> = [a(+1) + a(-1)] = [ie^iphi + i]/2
-
- <2|a> = [a(+2) + a(-2)] = [e^iphi - 1]/2
-
- p(1) = |<1|a>|^2 = [1 + cos(phi)]/2
-
- p(2) = |<2|a>|^2 = [1 - cos(phi)]/2
-
- *Now we can see more clearly what I really mean when in the photon pair
- case I write |a,e,+> parallel to |a,o,+>. That corresponds to the coherent
- addition of the indistinguishable amplitudes a(+1) + a(-1) in which photon
- a takes path + and it takes path - in both cases detected at counter 1.
- I will develop this more for photon pair case in future postings.
-
- It appears that Ramsay and I have been talking at cross purposes since
- either picture gives the same answer in this simple case at least.
-