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- Path: sparky!uunet!munnari.oz.au!manuel.anu.edu.au!newshost!werner
- From: werner@pell.anu.edu.au (Werner Nickel)
- Newsgroups: sci.math
- Subject: Re: A Question About Fundamental Group
- Date: 23 Nov 92 12:52:36
- Organization: Australian National University
- Lines: 32
- Message-ID: <WERNER.92Nov23125236@lamb.anu.edu.au>
- References: <amirishs.722059588@acf9> <18NOV199209581321@mary.fordham.edu>
- <arvola.722107812@sol>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: 150.203.15.67
- In-reply-to: arvola@sol.acs.unt.edu's message of Wed, 18 Nov 1992 17:30:12 GMT
-
- arvola@sol.acs.unt.edu (Arvola William) writes:
-
- >>Consider a bunch of infinitely many (countable) circles with a
- >>point in common. The radii of these circles make a sequence like
- >>{1/n}. What is the fundamental group of this space? Any comments
- >>or referenc would be so helpful!
-
- >Sometimes known as the "Hawaiian earing space".
- >Its fundamental group has coutably many generators (one for each circle)
- >and no relations. (I.e., it is a free non-Abelian group on countably
- >many generators.)
-
- I don't think that it is as simple as this. Take, for example,
- a loop running around a subcollection of the circles whose radii
- converge like the sequence {1/2^n}. Since this (sub)sequence is
- summable this loop represents an element of the fund group which
- is not a finite product of the generators that were proposed.
-
- The fundamental group of the Hawaiian earring can be described as follows.
- Number the circles by the natural numbers and let p_i be a single
- loop around circle number i. Then all closed paths are (possibly
- infinite) products of the p_i and their inverses. The only (obvious)
- restriction is that each loop p_i (or its inverse) occurs only a finite
- number of times in a product.
- One way to describe this in a precise algebraic way is to construct the
- fundamental group of the Hawaiian earring as a subgroup of an inverse limit
- of the free group on n generators with n going to infinity. The details
- are spelled out in the paper I quoted earlier in this newsgroup.
-
- Werner Nickel
- Mathematics Research Section
- Australian National University
-