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- Newsgroups: sci.energy
- Path: sparky!uunet!gatech!rpi!batcomputer!cornell!rochester!dietz
- From: dietz@cs.rochester.edu (Paul Dietz)
- Subject: Re: Any info. on hydrogen power for cars??
- Message-ID: <1992Nov20.194912.20986@cs.rochester.edu>
- Organization: University of Rochester
- References: <1992Nov17.205815.6068@engage.pko.dec.com> <1992Nov19.175417.10952@nmt.edu>
- Date: Fri, 20 Nov 1992 19:49:12 GMT
- Lines: 55
-
- In article <1992Nov19.175417.10952@nmt.edu> houle@nmt.edu (Paul Houle) writes:
-
- > The currently most economical way to make hydrogen is from the coal gas
- > process, which also produces CO, but the CO can also be burned to produce
- > CO2 and quite a bit of energy, so except for the CO2 emission, this could be
- > fairly clean. Most people who talk about a hydrogen economy, however,
- > suggest that we make the hydrogen by electrolysis of water, getting
- > electricity from whatever they believe is an environmentally benign and
- > potentially economical source: nuclear energy, ground-based solar, wind,
- > and solar power from space satellites have all been suggested.
-
-
- Actually, coal gas is not the usual source (although it is used
- in some places). Most hydrogen comes from reformed natural gas. The
- process is similar: gas is heated and reacted with steam, perhaps
- with some oxygen. You get a mixture of CO, CO2, steam and hydrogen.
- This reaction is endothermic.
-
- Natural gas has the advantage over coal that the output is richer in
- hydrogen, and has much less sulfur, the scrubbing of which requires
- additional equipment. Biomass, btw, has much less sulfur than coal.
- I have seen a projection that biomass-derived hydrogen is cheaper than
- electrolytic hydrogen for electricity prices greater than about
- $.02/kWh.
-
- The CO, by the way, is then "shifted" by the reaction CO + H2O --> CO2
- + H2. This makes separation easier, as CO2 can be removed by various
- chemical processes more easily than CO, which would be done by
- cryogenic separation (that's done too, in some places, where CO is
- needed as a feedstock).
-
- If the resulting gas must be purged of CO or CO2 (for example, if it
- is to be used in fuel cells or in reactions where these gases could
- poison catalysts) the gas is then fed into a methanation reactor,
- where any remaining carbon is converted back to methane (an exothermic
- reaction).
-
- Any of these reforming processes can benefit from a source of process
- heat. High temperature nuclear reactors (liquid metal or high
- temperature gas cooled reactors) would do nicely. This would
- be a more efficient use of the reactor's thermal energy than production
- of electricity for conventional electrolysis.
-
-
-
- > comparable gasolene-fuel vehicles. Also, photochemical smog is caused by
- > a combination of hydocarbons and NOx, so simply reducing the hydrocarbons
- > or the NOx alone could make a large contribution towards the reduction of
- > smog and improving air quality.
-
- Some places, like Atlanta, have abundant natural hydrocarbons, from
- trees. So NOx control would likely be necessary to reduce smog there.
-
- Paul F. Dietz
- dietz@cs.rochester.edu
-