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- From: pck@castle.ed.ac.uk (P C Knox)
- Newsgroups: bionet.neuroscience
- Subject: Re: Vision problem and Virtual Reality
- Message-ID: <28518@castle.ed.ac.uk>
- Date: 23 Nov 92 09:54:26 GMT
- References: <19921119.134808.645@almaden.ibm.com> <2B0C8FE2.12100@news.service.uci.edu> <dubin.722276833@spot.Colorado.EDU> <2B0F1540.22426@news.service.uci.edu>
- Organization: Edinburgh University
- Lines: 43
-
- spotter@sanger.bio.uci.edu (Steve Potter) writes:
-
- >With all due respect to the ol' professor, Dr. Dubin, dont believe anyone
- >who says something can't be done. Especially when it comes to issues
- >of neural plasticity. Monkeys and cats are different than humans in the
- >very important respect that we can follow instructions and intentionally
- >carry out excercises that can re-wire out visual system. For instance
- >I have recently successfully trained my eyes to merge images that are
- >further apart than my interocular distance. This requires the eyes to
- >diverge, something they never needed to do in our evolutionary history.
-
- >Also, in order to cross-fuse images without using lenses, it is necessary
- >to focus at a distance that is different than the point of convergence,
- >another behavior that Mother Nature never intended us to do. This
- >can be learned by most people with practice, even full-grown ADULTS
- >(but maybe not cats and monkeys).
-
- But there are surely two separate issues here. Learning "new" eye
- movements can clearly be done; indeed Roger Carpenter mentions this in
- his excellent book "Movements of the Eyes" (Pion, London). And new eye
- movement may allow you to exploit the connections in th visual system.
- But new patterns of wiring, particularly the binocular convergence
- patterns, do not develop in the adult visual cortex. However, there is
- some int4eresting work being done in Frankfurt that suggests that
- reintroduction of immature glial cells into an adult cortex does restore
- developmental plasticity (published within the last year or two in
- "Nature"). If menory serves, NMDA receptors are involved.
- I've found this an interesting thread for another reason. In the
- UK strabismus surgery is very common. The objective is to retore
- allignment of the eyes to allow the normal cortical wiring to develop.
- But in the process, the surgery on the extra-ocular muscles frequently
- disturbs the proprioceptive feedback signals the provide. This is enough
- to leave deficits in spacial localisation even if stereopsis develops.
- The clinical investigations are done by Steinbach in Canada. I'm
- interested to see that some of the contributers to this thread talk
- about "clumsiness". This could be due to disruptions to spatial visual
- processing causeing mislocation of objects and even of limbs with
- respect to external objects.
- We're about to start some human pilot experiments to invetigate
- the role of EOM afferent feedback signals in the control of eye
- movement. If anyone's interested let me know and I'll keep you posted.
-
- Paul C Knox
-