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- RED STORM - The Soviet Assault on Europe 1943-44.
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- As the exhausted German tank crews and Panzer grenadiers licked their
- wounds after the Battle of Kursk July 1943, few of them can have realised was
- that from that point on, despite many brilliant local successes to prove
- that the Wehrmacht was still a formidable fighting force, the initiative
- had passed inexorably to the Russians.
- Even while the German tigers and Panthers were locked in a life and
- death struggle with the Soviet T-34's and KV-1's at Kursk, the Russians
- had launched a major new offensive designed to drive Army Group Centre
- out of its salient around Orel.Three Soviet Fronts (equivalent to German
- Army groups though smaller) rained down a series of hammer blows designed
- to keep the Germans off balance. The Russians tied up the German reserves
- and weakened Army Group centre's line of defence.
- The initial Russian advance around Orel was slowed by torrential rain
- could but not be halted. Field Marshall Model (German) in command of
- Second Panzer Army and 9th Army conducted a skilful retreat back to a
- defence line termed the Hagen line abandoning Orel on the 4th of
- August. By the 18th August he was back on the Hagen line gaving lost the
- best part of 15 Divisions.
- Menawhile on July 17, all hell broke loose on the Donbass as the South-
- West Front of Marshall Malinovsky struck out against Army Group A and the
- South Front launched an attack against the Germans holding the line of
- the River Mius. In the Kuban the German 17th Army was facing big attacks from
- the Russian Caucasus front.
- By the beginning of September, the 17th Army's position was becoming
- increasingly perilous because Russian forces were pressing towards the
- kneck of the Crimea, and if it were sealed off a major part of Army
- Group A would be lost - the Kuban bridgehead was partlyevacuated and the
- troops ferried over to the Crimea.
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- Farther north, occupying a line in between Army Groups A and Centre,
- von Manstein's Army Group South enjoyed a brief respite while Model and
- Kliest (A) endured the brunt of the Soviet offensive.However on the
- 3rd August the Soviet Voronezh and Steppe fronts attacked Army
- Group South. manstein had been weakened by the need to send troops in
- as reinforcements as well as the transfer of the crack SS Division
- Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler to Italy, but his Fourth Panzer Army and
- Army Detachment Kempf were still formidable opponents.By the end of the
- 4th ofAugust, Belgorod had fallen and and by the 8th, elements of the
- Voronezh front had advanced 60 miles to Bogodukhov driving a wedge
- into Army Group South.
- Yet again the Waffen SS divisions - Das Reich,Totenkopf and Wiking
- were called upon to act as fire-brigades and launched a vigorous counter
- attack on the 11th. After six days of furious battle, they were
- contained by the Russians who then launched a major attack on the big
- industrial centre of Kharkov from which the Germans retreated.
- A new offensive on August 26th attacked all along the front and
- the eastern Ukraine was cleared .On September 22nd, the Red
- Army reached the River Dnieper, Germany's fortified 'Eastern Rampart' and
- threw bridgheads across that river. On September 25th, Smolensk fell
- once more into Soviet hands and by the 9th October, the Germans
- had evacuated the whole of the Kuban Peninsula to which they were
- never to return - Hitler's foothold in the Caucasus had been lost
- forever. On October 25th the industrial city of Dnepropetrovsk in
- the Ukraine fell and on November 6th, Kiev, capital of the Ukraine
- was again in Russian hands and this was a very severe blow for the
- Germans.
- On December 24th 1943, the Sovoet Winter offensive was lanched
- and in January Kirovograd was retaken, Leningrad relieved from its
- 999 day siege and on the 29th January, two German army corps were
- surrounded at Cherkassy with staggering losses in men and material.
- On March 24th,1944, Soviet troops cross the River Dniester one of the
- last major obstacles to the red tide now sweeping through Western
- Russian. On April 10th the Russians took Odessa in the Crimea amd
- cleared the Crimea on May 9th with the German surrender at
- Sevastapol.
- The Germans had conducted a skilful and tenacious retreat but in the
- face of the ever growing might of the Red Army it was only a matter
- of time before the constant Russian offensives took the tide
- of war on to German soil......