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- Suspended animation. Science fiction?
- Wellÿ not really. Sperm banks have been
- around for the past five years or soÿ and as
- for eggsÿ well the technology has existed
- for the last forty and is now quite routine
- in implantation operations for infertility.
- But what has this got to do with an
- environmental column? Wellÿ for a start
- there's the Giant Panda. Put a couple of
- these beautiful creatures in a zoo and they
- have the sex drive of a skoda. Ah wellÿ
- perhaps they're shy. Anywayÿ this is where
- artificial insemination comes in.
- Unfortunatelyÿ more often than notÿ it
- doesn't work - see the number of pandas in
- captivity. But this is where the second
- application of cell suspension comes in.
- Read on...
-
- At the rate the world is going we are
- losing thousands of species every dayÿ
- causing havoc with the eco-balance. It
- sometimes seems that the only place you can
- find examples of many species is in zoos.
- Nowÿ whether zoos are a good thing or not is
- a bone of contention which I'll come back to
- in a later issueÿ but for now I think
- everyone will agree that they provide a
- useful safe environment for many endangered
- creatures to live and breed. Of courseÿ if
- we only put two examples of each endangered
- species in a zooÿ there would soon be no
- room for peopleÿ the world would be covered
- in zoos. A staggering thought in itself.
- Butÿ as anyone who knows a member of the
- nobility will tell youÿ having only a few
- examples of a given species causes hopeless
- in-breeding very very quickly. This can
- cause mutationsÿ infertilityÿ brain-damageÿ
- still birthsÿ you name it. Noÿ to safely
- breed a species from a basic parent stock
- you would need at least 1000 examples of a
- given animal.
- Nowÿ obviouslyÿ this isn't going to be
- possible if we cage adultÿ or even
- adolescant creatures. And of courseÿ any
- youngerÿ and you have the problem of caring
- for them and giving them the right social
- stimuli to grow up correctly.
- This is where I come back to what I was
- saying about suspended animation.
- Biologists have now reached the stage where
- they can not only select the most healthy
- eggs and sperm for the jobÿ but can also
- impregnate the egg with a very good chance
- of success. Add to this the recently
- perfected techniques of freezing living
- tissueÿ and you have the potential to store
- whole species in tanks of nitrogen. Each
- animal would only be one impregnated eggÿ or
- three of four cells at mostÿ but all of the
- genetic coding would be there to grow the
- animal pretty much from scratch.
- Now before any of you go out there
- thinking that it's okay to shoot dolphins
- nowÿ remember that we would still need to
- keep a basic stock of the parent animal in
- existence so that the frozen eggs could be
- incubated correctly and reared. This basic
- stock could be topped up periodically from
- the gene bank.
- So any creature now on the endangered
- species list will probably stay there -
- after allÿ you still need the 1000
- genetically different parent animals. But
- there is hope for such creatures as the
- Giant Pandaÿ the African Elephant and the
- Humpback Whale.
- One parting thought: There are only 750
- Javan Rhinos left - we will probably see
- their extinction in the next decade.
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