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{$fc}5CS-2-A comp ^ ^^ THE FUN GRAPHICS MACHINE -v6.0 DEMONSTRATOR- .................. DOCS PART-2 HI-RES EDITING FUNCTIONS {CBM-T}{CBM-T}{CBM-T} While reading these docs: F1 for next {CBM-A} F3 for previous {CBM-A} R/S back to Load Menu S to change {CBM-A} color ^ -OVERVIEW- The FGM holds three independent hi-res {CBM-A}s which you can manipulate (ie: flip, invert, reverse, expand, reduce, scroll, stretch, etc). You can also put {CBM-Z}s & text onto the {CBM-A}s in an infinite variety of ways. Screens may be LINKED so you can work across, load, and save them "as one". You don't need to understand {CBM-Q} {CBM-A}s to use the program; it's a function you can learn later. When you first load FGM and go to the hi-res {CBM-A} editor (Main Menu #4) the hi-res {CBM-A}s will probably be filled with garbage unless you opted to load the "info {CBM-A}". ^ FGM DOES NOT CLEAR the {CBM-A} areas when it loads. This is so you can capture hi-res {CBM-A}s that may be left behind by other programs. View the three {CBM-A} areas by pressing X. To Erase a {CBM-A} press Shift, CTRL, and E. A window prompt will come up and ask you to confirm (y/n?). This will only erase the visible {CBM-A}. You can go between the {CBM-A}s by pressing x (for eXchange {CBM-A}s) to see if a useful {CBM-A} has been left behind by another program. ^ Once you have cleared the {CBM-A} one of the pre-loaded {CBM-Z}s will become more easily visible and you can move it around the {CBM-A} with the cursor keys. This is the ACTIVE GRAPHIC. To make another {CBM-Z} buffer active press one of the number keys 1-6. Press f to flip the {CBM-Z}, i to invert it. To fasten the {CBM-Z} to the {CBM-A} press p. Other {CBM-Z}s manipulation is available; see GRAPHICS MANIPULATION below. You can load other PS or PM {CBM-Z}s into the FGM by using selection #1 from the Main Menu. You can also use GRAB mode to grab a piece of {CBM-A} into one of the buffers, then treat it like any of the other {CBM-Z}s. ^ When the {CBM-A}s are un{CBM-Q} or down-{CBM-Q} the two un-seen {CBM-A}s are "safe" and can't be affected by anything you do to the visible {CBM-A}. Only the {CBM-A} you are viewing can be affected by the things you do. When in Text mode and {CBM-A}s are across-{CBM-Q} the unseen {CBM-A} areas to the right of the text cursor (up to the right margin) WILL be affected by Insert & Delete (Insert & Delete will push/pull across the {CBM-Q} {CBM-A}s). Other hi-res functions will not affect the non-visible {CBM-A}s. ^ Following will be a short explanation of LINKED {CBM-S}S. You don't need to understand (or use) LINKED {CBM-S}S to use FGM but they are referred to further on in the docs so you should be a tiny bit familiar with them. ^ LINKED {CBM-S}S Space doesn't permit going into this heavily so this will be rather brief. Screens can be {CBM-Q} either across or down. This is done from the LINK MENU (/ from Main Menu). When {CBM-A}s are {CBM-Q} you can load, edit, save, and print ($ version) them "as one". Linked {CBM-A}s are actually saved as two or three independent {CBM-A}s which can be loaded separately if you wish. When you save {CBM-Q} {CBM-A}s the FGM generates the additional {CBM-W}s for the other {CBM-A}(s) based on the first {CBM-W} you give it. It is suggested you begin {CBM-W}s for {CBM-Q} {CBM-A}s with something like "s.a1 {CBM-W}". ^ LINKED {CBM-S}S (cont) When you across-link {CBM-A}s you can work on them "as one"; when typing across {CBM-A}s the viewing area will move as you type past the right side of the {CBM-A}, and Insert/Delete will operate across both or all three {CBM-A}s. Margins and wordwrap are available when {CBM-A}s are {CBM-Q} (across or down). Anything right of the right margin is safe from insert and delete. Screens may not be scrolled if across- {CBM-Q} and only up/down scrolled if down-{CBM-Q}. The Split Screen function is not available if across-{CBM-Q}. ^ LINKED {CBM-S}S (cont) You can change link status at any time by going to the Main Menu & selecting / for the Link Menu. When {CBM-A}s are {CBM-Q} a {CBM-X}/number will appear on the Main Menu to let you know the link status, ie: D2 is 2 down-{CBM-Q}, A3 is 3 across-{CBM-Q}, and nothing means that the {CBM-A}s aren't {CBM-Q}. ^ SETTING THE HOME {CBM-S}/{CBM-S} ORDER When you link the {CBM-A}s you may need to "set" the order of them. The HOME {CBM-A} is the left-most {CBM-A} if across-{CBM-Q}, and the "top" {CBM-A} if down-{CBM-Q}. When {CBM-A}s are {CBM-Q} you can go to the HOME {CBM-A} by pressing the HOME key twice. If it isn't the {CBM-A} you want as the HOME {CBM-A}, or the {CBM-A} order (ie: left- center-right) is wrong then you'll need to SET it. This is done by using CTRL [left arrow] while in GP mode. Use of TRANSFER MODE while {CBM-A}s are {CBM-Q} will sometimes mix-up the HOME/ {CBM-S} ORDER and they may need to be re-"set" (as follows). ^ SETTING THE HOME {CBM-S}/{CBM-S} ORDER 1. Use X or F3/F4 to get the {CBM-A} you want as the HOME {CBM-A}. 2. Press CTRL [left arrow]. This sets it as the HOME {CBM-A}. 3. Check the order of the {CBM-A}s by pressing X once. If the {CBM-A} you expected to appear doesn't then press the HOME key twice to get back to the HOME {CBM-A} and then press CTRL [left arrow] again. 4. If you accidently go past the second {CBM-A} before homing you may have to repeat this several times to get things in order. ^ HI-RES {CBM-S} FUNCTIONS The cursor keys/joystick are used in all hi-res modes to move the cursor or {CBM-Z} around the {CBM-A}. The below keys are also active for moving the cursors and {CBM-Z}s in all modes except when on the Pixel Edit Screen: CTRL A: Move ACROSS in larger steps CTRL D: Move DOWN on larger steps CTRL M: Move to MIDDLE of {CBM-A} CTRL S: Move to UPPER LEFT CORNER HOME: Move to UPPER LEFT CORNER R/S: Move to LEFT SIDE In all modes except TEXT MODE the X key can be used to go between {CBM-A}s. In TEXT MODE use CTRL X. ^ SCROLLING THE {CBM-S}S The F1-F6 keys are used in all modes for scrolling the {CBM-A}s around when the {CBM-A}s are un{CBM-Q} or when in ADJUST MODE. No harm can come to a {CBM-A} by scrolling it. UNLINKED {CBM-S}S: F1/F2: SCROLL UP/DOWN F3/F4: SCROLL RIGHT/LEFT F5: PIXEL SCROLL LEFT F6: PIXEL SCROLL UP DOWN-LINKED {CBM-S}S: F1/F2: SCROLL UP/DOWN F3/F4: MOVE BETWEEN {CBM-S}S (LIKE X) F5: INACTIVE (unless ADJUST MODE) F6: PIXEL SCROLL {CBM-S} UP ^ F1-F6 {CBM-S} SCROLLING (continued) ACROSS-LINKED {CBM-S}S: F1/F2: INACTIVE (unless ADJUST MODE) F3/F4: MOVE VIEWING AREA RIGHT/LEFT F5/F6: INACTIVE (unless ADJUST MODE) When {CBM-A}s are {CBM-Q} pressing the HOME key twice will take you to the "HOME" (#1, left or top) {CBM-A}. ^ THE HI-RES MODES When on the hi-res {CBM-A}s there are MODES you go into in order to do different things, ie: enter TEXT MODE to type text to the {CBM-A}. Below are the modes available: GP: Graphics & {CBM-A} manipulation. This is the mode you enter when you press #4 or RETURN from the Main Menu. GRAB: Capture {CBM-A} areas, Rotate TRANSFER: Move (copy) {CBM-A} areas TEXT: Add Text to {CBM-A}s, Borders ADJUST: Ranged Scrolling, Slant PIXEL EDIT: Editing pixels:) ^ You can generally go between the modes by using the below MODE ENTRY keys. In TEXT MODE use CTRL J to enter ADJUST mode. GRAB MODE can only be entered from GP MODE. Pressing the RETURN key will always exit you back to GP Mode, and from GP Mode the RETURN key will take you to the Main Menu (back and forth). G: GRAB (Capture) MODE SH T: TRANSFER MODE T or DEL: TEXT MODE J: ADJUST MODE F7: PIXEL EDIT MODE RETURN: EXIT TO GP MODE ^ GP MODE Think of this as the General Purpose or Graphics Placement Mode. GP Mode is used for manipulating {CBM-Z}s and {CBM-A}s (ie: flipping, inverting), and for fastening {CBM-Z}s to the hi-res {CBM-A}s. GP MODE IS THE ONLY MODE WHERE THE MOVABLE GRAPHIC IS VISIBLE ON THE {CBM-S}. Pressing RETURN from any other mode will bring you back to GP Mode. Pressing RETURN in GP Mode will go to the Main Menu. The RETURN key is a "safe" key and pressing it enough will always RETURN you to the Main Menu. ^ GP MODE The below keystrokes will call up a window that will prompt you to confirm (y/n) the action you requested.Press any key but "y" to cancel. SH CTRL E: ERASE VISIBLE {CBM-S} SH CTRL G: STRIP GRAYS SH CTRL H: HORIZ EXPAND {CBM-S} X2 C= SH CTRL H: HORIZ EXPAND {CBM-S} X3 C= CTRL H: HORIZ REDUCE {CBM-S} X2 SH CTRL V: VERT EXPAND {CBM-S} X2 C= SH CTRL V: VERT EXPAND {CBM-S} X3 C= CTRL V: VERT REDUCE {CBM-S} X2 SH +: DRAW LINE BORDER SH -: ERASE LINE BORDER ^ OTHER ACTIVE KEYS IN GP MODE: X: EXCHANGE {CBM-S}S and exit split {CBM-A}s SH X: SPLIT {CBM-S}S LEFT/RIGHT C= X: SPLIT {CBM-S}S UP/DOWN C= SH CTRL X: EXIT SPLIT {CBM-S}S without unsplitting SH F: FLIP {CBM-S} SH I: INVERT {CBM-S} SH R: REVERSE {CBM-S} C: COPY {CBM-S} to a cleared {CBM-A}. Useful for making an OOPS {CBM-A}. SH CTRL [left arrow]: Set HOME {CBM-S} and {CBM-A} order ({CBM-Q} {CBM-A}s). ^ GRAPHICS MANIPULATION (GP MODE): 1-6: SELECT ACTIVE GRAPHIC F: FLIP GRAPHIC I: INVERT GRAPHIC R: REVERSE GRAPHIC SH CLR: ROTATE GRAPHIC (7x7) NOTE: Graphics buffer #6 is a TEMPORARY {CBM-Z}s buffer and may be corrupted (turned to garbage) by other functions (loading {CBM-Z}s, ROTATE, and ADJUST'S Capture in particular). Use it for grabbing {CBM-A} areas, manipulating, and moving them elsewhere. ^ GRAPHICS MANIPULATION (GP MODE): CROPPING GRAPHICS: [left arrow]: NARROWER W: WIDER [up arrow]: CROP UP BY ROW SH[up arrow]: CROP UP BY PIXELS *: UNCROP DOWN BY ROW SH *: UNCROP DOWN BY PIXEL Selecting another {CBM-Z}s buffer (or the same one) by pressing 1-6 will uncrop the {CBM-Z}. ^ GRAPHICS MANIPULATION (GP MODE): FASTENING GRAPHICS (GP MODE) O: OVERLAY: Fastens the {CBM-Z} to the {CBM-A} as if you had just left the moveable {CBM-Z} where it was on the {CBM-A}. p: PUT/PICK-UP (EOR): Exclusive ORs the {CBM-Z} to the {CBM-A}. If you press unshifted p again the {CBM-Z} will be "sponged" back up from the {CBM-A}. Very handy. SH P: PASTE: Pastes the ENTIRE {CBM-Z} area to the {CBM-A}. To see the ENTIRE area that will be pasted press r to reverse the {CBM-Z}. ^ GRAB (capture) MODE PRESS G from GP Mode TO ENTER. This mode is used for capturing a {CBM-A} area into one of the {CBM-Z}s buffers. The $ version of FGM will let you save the {CBM-Z} captured {CBM-Z} to use in PS or to re-use in FGM. 1-6: CAPTURE AREA TO GRAPHIC BUFFER 1-6 SH CLR: ROTATE 11X11 {CBM-S} AREA UNDER CURSOR CTRL E: ERASE AREA UNDER CURSOR RETURN: EXIT TO GP MODE ^ TRANSFER MODE PRESS SHIFTED T. TRANSFER Mode is used for transfering (copying) a {CBM-A} area to another location. C= CTRL V: REDUCE VERT CURSOR SIZE CTRL V: EXPAND VERT CURSOR SIZE C= CTRL H: REDUCE HORIZ CURSOR SIZE CTRL H: EXPAND HORIZ CURSOR SIZE F8: SET CAPTURE RANGE O: OVERLAY RANGED AREA P: EOR AREA TO {CBM-S} SH P: PASTE AREA TO {CBM-S} RETURN: EXIT TO GP MODE ^ TRANSFER (cont) Once you press F8 to set the CAPTURE RANGE the border will begin rippling with color. Move the cursor elsewhere and use o, p, or shifted P to copy the range to the cursor position. You can go to another {CBM-A} if the link configuration allows. Once you leave the source {CBM-A} you can't return to it until you cancel this mode. If the cursor is overlapping the area where you set the range and you try to fasten something there strange effects may be realized. Pressing p to EOR the ranged area over itself (offset) is probably the most useful. Keep pressing p and the {CBM-A} will return to as it was before. ^ TEXT MODE PRESS T OR DEL TO ENTER. TEXT Mode is used for writing text on the hi-res {CBM-A}s. Can also be used for moving text and {CBM-Z}s with the insert and delete keys, and for erasing areas using the space key. C= CTRL I (Pixel Insert) can be used for stretching. To type text to the {CBM-A} simply hit the {CBM-X} key. Using the C= key with a {CBM-X} key will give you the {CBM-X} {CBM-Z} on the left side of the key (results may vary depending on which {CBM-X} buffer you are using). ^ TEXT MODE (cont.) To access ALL of the Commodore {CBM-X} {CBM-Z}s select {CBM-X} set #5 (CTRL 5). When #5 is active you will get UPPER-CASE when just typing keys. Using C= with a key will give you the {CBM-Z} on the left side of the key. Using SHIFT with a key will give you the {CBM-Z} on the right side. The CTRL key is used a LOT with the {CBM-X} keys while in Text Mode to turn on the different functions. This is because using most other key combos will write a {CBM-X} to the {CBM-A}. ^ TEXT MODE (cont.) CTRL 1-5: SELECT ACTIVE CHAR SET CTRL O: OVERLAY TEXT CTRL P: PASTE TEXT (default) SH CTRL 8: EOR TEXT (PUT/PICK-UP) CTRL :: SET ROTATION CTRL R: REVERSE TEXT SH CTRL 1: BOLD ON SH CTRL 2: ITALICS ON CTRL [up arrow]: TOGGLE DIRECTION (turns WRAP off) When you exit/re-enter Text Mode most of the above will be reset: Bold, Italics, Reverse, Direction, and Rotation will all be reset and Paste will be active. ^ TEXT MODE (cont.) SETTING CURSOR (TEXT) SIZE: CTRL H: LARGER HORIZONTAL CURSOR C= CTRL H: SMALLER HORIZONTAL CURSOR CTRL V: LARGER VERTICAL CURSOR C= CTRL V: SMALLER VERTICAL CURSOR CTRL N: NORMALIZE; Cursor to 1:1, Bold, Italics, Rotation, Reverse off. Paste on, direction to across. CTRL L: LAST CURSOR SIZE ^ TEXT MODE (cont.) CTRL F: FLIP 1:1 AREA UNDER CURSOR SH CLR: ROTATE 1:1 AREA UNDER CURSOR CTRL X: GO BETWEEN {CBM-S}S ** **If {CBM-A}s are {CBM-Q} then F3/F4 can be used to go between {CBM-A}s. Sh CTRL R: REVERSE {CBM-S} SPLIT {CBM-S}S: Available if {CBM-A}s are not across-{CBM-Q}: C= CTRL X: SPLIT UP/DOWN Sh CTRL X: SPLIT LEFT/RIGHT CTRL X: UNSPLIT SPLIT {CBM-S}S ^ TEXT MODE (cont.) INSERT/DELETE ARE AT CURSOR SIZE: DEL: PULL COLUMNS TO LEFT. If direction is up/down then this pulls up. SH INST: PUSH COLUMNS TO RIGHT. If Direction is up/down then this pushes down and leaves a shadow. C= INST: PIXEL INSERT C= CTRL I: PIXEL INSERT WITH SHADOW (use for stretching) ^ TEXT MODE (cont.) C= CTRL Y: WRITE ACTIVE CHARACTER BUFFER TO THE {CBM-S} C= CTRL Z: WRITE {CBM-S} AREA TO ACTIVE CHARACTER BUFFER. You cannot write the {CBM-A} area to {CBM-X} buffers 4 & 5 because they are taken from the computer's rom. CTRL W: TURNS WORDWRAP ON if {CBM-A}s are {CBM-Q}. Is turned off by either changing direction (CTRL [up-arrow] or by exiting to Main Menu. ^ TEXT MODE (cont.) CTRL I: INSERT COLS (wrap to bottom) CTRL U: DELETE COLS (pull from bot.) (above operate on 1 {CBM-A} & active only w/un{CBM-Q} or down{CBM-Q} scrns) RUN/STOP: CURSOR TO LEFT SIDE SH RUN/STOP: CURSOR TO NEXT WORD MARGINS (if {CBM-A}s are {CBM-Q}): CTRL M: SET MARGINS; Cursor must be 1:1 in size and over one of the margins. Press CTRL M and when the margin changes color use the cursor keys to move it. Press RETURN to exit once the margin is in position. ^ TEXT MODE: DEFINABLE CHARACTER The Definable Character is a miniature capture box. Pressing F8 will capture anything under the upper left 1:1 area of the Text cursor. Once capured you can use the Definable Character just like any other text {CBM-X} (use expanded sizes, bold, italics, EOR, etc,). This function is very handy for repairing areas of the {CBM-A}s; capture a similar area and print it to the new area. F8: CAPTURE DEFINABLE CHARACTER CTRL =: PRINT DEFINABLE CHARACTER C= CTRL =: PRINT SMILEY FACE ^ CHARACTER BORDERS (TEXT MODE) You can write anything under the 1:1 (smallest) text cursor as a border around the {CBM-A}. The {CBM-X} tiles in {CBM-Z}s buffer #4 are provided for making borders (and fill patterns). To write a border around the {CBM-A} place the smallest size text cursor over something on the {CBM-A}, hold the Shift C= CTRL keys down (all three), then press B. To erase the border place the text cursor over a blank area and press the above keys. ^ ADJUST ROWS MODE PRESS J (CTRL J FROM TEXT MODE). Use ADJUST Mode for increasing/decreasing spacing between rows, stretching or shrinking text & {CBM-Z}s, outlining, and for ranged left/right scrolling. In ADJUST MODE the F1/F2/F6 keys will scroll the {CBM-A} up/down regardless of the link configuration. F3/F4/F5 will scroll the area inside the ADJUST bar right/left. F1/F2: SCROLL RANGED AREA RIGHT/LEFT F3/F4: SCROLL {CBM-S} UP/DOWN F5: PIXEL SCROLL RANGED AREA LEFT F6: PIXEL SCROLL {CBM-S} UP ^ ADJUST ROWS MODE (continued) +: INCREASE ADJUST BAR SIZE -: DECREASE ADJUST BAR SIZE CTRL I: INSERT A ROW (shadow) C= I: INSERT A LINE (shadow) CTRL U: DELETE (PULL UP) A ROW C= U: DELETE A LINE (PIXEL) CTRL E: ERASE AREA UNDER bar C= E: ERASE PIXEL LINE =: CAPTURE 1-4 ROWS o: OVERLAY CAPTURED ROW(S) p: EOR CAPTURED ROW(S) Sh P: PASTE CAPTURED ROWS C= >: AUTO-ROW SPACER (NOT recordable as a demo!) C= F8: ONE F5/F6 COMBINATION SH F8: EIGHT F5/F6 COMBINATIONS C= [left arrow]: ROLL A ROW ^ ADJUST ROWS MODE (continued) To create an outline of a few (1-4) rows of text enter ADJUST mode, make the ADJUST BAR 1-4 rows high, press = to capture the area, press F5 to pixel scroll the area one pixel left, press F6 to pixel scroll the {CBM-A} one line up, then press p to EOR the captured area over what's on the {CBM-A}. This makes outlining a snap, and many other interesting effects are also possible. NOTE: Whenever you EOR something to the {CBM-A} you can "undo" it by doing the EOR again. This applies to EORing {CBM-Z}s in GP Mode, text while in Text Mode, and captured areas in Transfer and Adjust modes. ^ PIXEL EDIT MODE PRESS F7. This will give you the 3 column by 2 row Pixel Edit Cursor. Pressing F7 again will take you to the Pixel Edit Screen. Note that when RECORDING a demo the 2x3 window showing the {CBM-Z} area being edited will not be visible. While on the Pixel Edit {CBM-S} the F1-F4 keys will move the unseen Pixel Edit cursor so you can view/edit other areas of the {CBM-A}. If the {CBM-A}s are UN-{CBM-Q} the F5/F6 keys will SCROLL the {CBM-A}. ^ RECORDING A DEMO When you RECORD A DEMO the program is simply recording the keystrokes to disk that you use while working on the hi-res {CBM-A}s. Demos can be used as a very compact way of "storing" hi-res {CBM-A}s. You could type a letter or create a template for a form & record your actions, then play the demo back when you wanted to re-create the {CBM-A}. A demo will usually take up MUCH less space than saving a {CBM-A}. ^ ADDITIONAL ACTIVE KEYS WHEN RECORDING C= CTRL E: Done from GP Mode. Puts a code in the recording so the {CBM-A} will be erased during playback but doesn't erase the {CBM-A} while recording (use for tracing). C= CTRL P: All modes. Puts a DELAY CODE in the recording which will delay for the specified time during playback. From GP Mode pressing RETURN will take you to a menu where you can either end the recording or change link status. ^ -RECORDING A DEMO - REMINDERS- BE SURE YOU HAVE ENOUGH BLOCKS FREE ON THE DATA DISK BEFORE BEGINNING A RECORDING; IF SPACE RUNS OUT ON THE DISK YOU WILL PROBABLY LOSE THE ENTIRE DEMO. ERASE THE {CBM-S} (SH CTRL E) WHEN STARTING A DEMO. IF YOU DON'T ERASE THE {CBM-S} THEN THE DEMO WILL WRITE OVER WHATEVER {CBM-S} IT FINDS. DO NOT USE ADJUST MODE'S AUTO-ROW SPACER WHEN RECORDING A DEMO! RETURN GRAPHICS TO STARTING POSITIONS WHEN ENDING DEMO (unflip/invert). ^ -A HINT FOR LEARNING FGM- Most modes use the C= (Commodore key), CTRL, and SHIFT keys in conjunction with one of the letter keys. The size of the key is usually related to the function. A full column insert uses the SHIFT key & a pixel (small) insert uses the C= key. When in Adjust mode CTRL I will push a whole row down but used with the C= key it will push a single line (pixel) down. In GP mode you just press f to flip the {CBM-Z} but SHIFTED F to flip the {CBM-S}. These conventions aren't absolute but they are pretty closely adhered to. After using the FGM for a while you will begin to see the relationships. ^ -ENDING NOTE- I have been told that the FGM does "too much" & this makes it confusing. FGM was written to allow doing things that can't be done by other {CBM-Z}s programs. Please don't be intimidated by the large variety of functions available in the FGM. You can create useful hi-res {CBM-A}s using just a few of the functions; you don't need to learn "everything". PLAY AROUND WITH THE PROGRAM AND TRY THINGS. Erase the {CBM-A}, fasten one of the {CBM-Z}s to it, and start experimenting. You can't hurt the program or your computer! If you wish, close your eyes and just start pressing keys. Pressing RETURN a few times will ALWAYS return you back to the Main Menu. ^ THIS IS THE LAST PAGE OF DOCS-2 Press F1 for LOAD MENU Press F3 for PREVIOUS PAGES * * * * I HOPE YOU ENJOY THIS DEMO FGM and HAPPY COMPUTING, Ron C. Hackley ^ 6