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Turbo Pascal Chain module | 1993-03-01 | 11.6 KB | 169 lines |
- 9The modules in this program are listed below. To review
- 0a given module, select the corresponding number.
- 1 Title
- 2 Introduction
- 3 Circuits
- 4 Symbols
- 5 Schematic No. 1
- 6 Schematic No. 2
- 7 Calculation
- 8 Test
- 9 Conclusion
- "ENTER the NUMBER of your choice:
- C(ontinue / R(eview
- ? (**************************************************)
- ? (* *)
- ? (* Elementary Electricity *)
- ? (* *)
- ? (* Tutorial No. 2 *)
- ? (* *)
- ? (* SERIES RESISTORS *)
- ? (* *)
- ? (* Version 1.0 *)
- ? (* *)
- ? (* *)
- ? (* This program illustrates simple, resistive *)
- ? (* series circuits, and provides the student *)
- ? (* with opportunities to calculate the total *)
- ? (* resistance in a number of such circuits. *)
- ? (* *)
- ? (* Written by T. J. Meyers July 10, 1985 *)
- ? (* *)
- ? (**************************************************)
- INTRODUCTION
- ;If you have studied the tutorial Ohm's Law you already know
- :that electrical resistance is defined as the opposition to
- +the flow of electric charge in a conductor.
- @In this program you will see how different electrical components
- @such as resistors, dry cells, and switches may be connected end-
- @to-end, that is, in SERIES, to form complete electric circuits.
- AYou will be expected to determine the total electrical resistance
- $in a number of such simple circuits.
- CIRCUITS
- 3A simple electric circuit consists of the following
- three elements:
- % 1. a source of electric charges
- 4 2. a device, or load, which changes the energy
- 3 of the charges into another form of energy
- : 3. a closed path through which the charges may flow.
- :An example of a simple electrical circuit could be a small
- :incandescent bulb (such as a flashlight bulb) connected by
- =two short pieces of wire to a dry cell. In a flashlight, two
- >dry cells are placed end to end (in series) to form a battery.
- =The case of the flashlight, if made of metal, takes the place
- >of the connecting wires. A push-button switch opens or closes
- <the electrical circuit, thus controlling the flow of charge.
- > ELECTRIC SYMBOLS
- > Used in schematic diagrams
- >............................ represents a wire conductor
- > /
- >........../ ............... on-off switch in OPEN position
- >......../\ /\ /\.......... a resistor (could represent a
- > \/ \/ light bulb)
- > | _
- > _|_ represents a chemical
- > _______ (dry) cell -- 1.5 volts
- > | +
- > |
- A SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM I
- A A simple series circuit
- A (direction of flow of charge
- A when switch is closed) ------>
- A ........../\ /\ /\ /\..................
- A : \/ \/ \/ :
- A : :
- A : RESISTOR (R-1) :
- A DRY - _:_ :
- A CELL _______ :
- A + : :
- A (1.5V) : / :
- A :.............................../ .....:
- A
- A
- A <---- (current) SWITCH (open)
- A (sw-1)
- A
- SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM II
- The series circuit extended
- AYou will have noted that in a series circuit the current must
- @flow through each circuit element in turn. Now, let's look at
- Athe more complex series circuit below. The charges leave the
- Anegative terminal of the battery, flow through resistor R-1,
- Athen through switch sw-1 (when closed), and, finally, through
- Aresistor R-2, returning to the battery at the positive terminal.
- A ............/\ /\ /\...........
- A : \/ \/ :
- A - _:_ :
- A _______ R-1 :
- A 3 volt _:_ / sw-1
- A battery _______ /
- A + : :
- A :.........../\ /\ /\..........:
- A \/ \/
- A
- A R-2
- -CALCULATION OF RESISTANCE IN A SERIES CIRCUIT
- 9
- 9 ...../\ /\ ...../\ /\ ...../\ /\ .....
- 9 \/ \/ \/ \/ \/ \/
- 9
- 9 R-1 R-2 R-3
- 8 Let's assume in the sketch above that the resistors
- 9 have the values 25 ohms, 48 ohms, and 37 ohms. What
- 9 will be their combined resistance?...
- 9 If you said 110 ohms you are correct. To determine
- 9 the equivalent resistance of any number of resistors
- 9 connected in SERIES you simply sum their values.
- FINAL EXAM
- 4Determine the equivalent resistance of the following
- #resistors when connected in SERIES.
- R-1 =
- 16 ohms
- R-3 =
- 41 ohms
- R-2 =
- 96 ohms
- R-4 =
- 113 ohms
- )The equivalent resistance in ohms is:
- !Of course. Just simple addition.
- 3What? Not enough fingers? Add those digits again!
- 'The equivalent resistance in ohms is:
- !Good. I thought you could do it.
- +Mercy! You can't add? The correct sum is
- 2Now let's try something a trifle more challenging.
- Let: R-5 =
- 300 ohms
- R-6 =
- 7.5 k ohms
- R-7 =
- 1.1 megohms
- 1The equivalent resistance in megohms will be:
- %Excellent! You have passed the exam!
- Incorrect. You must try again.
- R-5 + R-6 + R-7 =
- %Very good. You have passed the exam.
- #Too bad. You have failed the exam.
- The correct answer is
- megohms.
- 5For your own benefit, you should work at this problem
- until you get it right.
- CONCLUSION
- -To sum up, let's repeat the following points:
- 51. An electric circuit is a closed path around which
- electric charges may flow.
- 62. In a series circuit, the charges flow, externally,
- 7 from the negative terminal of the cell, or battery,
- to the positive terminal.
- 93. In a series circuit, since the elements are connected
- 9 end-to-end the charges must flow through each element
- in turn.
- <4. In a series circuit, the total resistance of the circuit
- 9 is the arithmetic sum of the values of the individual
- resistances in the circuit.
- 3 Press spacebar to try again
- 3 To return to the menu
- 3 first, type (q,Q) to quit
- 3 then, type (menu,MENU) at A>
- 5 Press (q,Q) to quit
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