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- International Support Issues
-
- Introduction
-
- NetWare 3.12 AND 4.xx servers can be configured for locale
- specific formats of date and time, currency, sorting
- tables, upper case tables, and legal filename
- characters. This configuration is done during the
- installation process.
-
- Filename Characters
-
- Selection of most options is done by choosing the code
- page and country code for this server during
- installation. selection of the legal filename
- characters is done as a separate option, where you
- are asked to choose between DOS format filenames and
- NetWare format filenames.
-
- Historically, NetWare has allowed all characters from
- hexadecimal 80 to hexadecimal FF to be included in
- filenames. These characters include line draw
- characters and most characters that English doesnÆt
- use but that some other languages do use. NetWare
- historically treated them as different characters,
- regardless of case. This allowed users to create
- filenames with both upper and lower case accented
- characters in them.
-
- On the other hand, DOS version 3.0 and later
- recognizes those characters as upper case and lower
- case versions of the same characters.
-
- Filename Character Options
-
- With the introduction of NetWare 3.12 & 4.0, the user now
- has the option of conforming to DOS legal filename
- characters, or of retaining the NetWare legal
- filename characters in conformance with NetWare 3.x.
-
- During the installation process, selection of the
- filename format affects only the server. In other
- words, it determines what the server will allow as
- legal filename characters. It must be understood
- however, that the behavior of NetWare 3.12 and 4.xx concerning
- filename characters is affected by factors other than
- server configuration.
-
- Other Factors
-
- In the following discussions you should keep in mind
- that the differences mentioned refer to characters
- other than standard ASCII characters in the range 0
- - 127 (i.e., A-Z, 0-9, etc.). These standard
- characters will be treated the same by all versions
- to the server, DOS, VLMs, and NETX.
-
- VLMs vs. NETX
-
- VLMs behave differently from NETX in many ways. For
- this discussion, the most important concerns the time
- and manner in which DOS commands are received.
-
- NETX intercepts DOS function calls (such as open a
- file), before DOS sees them. Those commands that NETX
- determines belong to the network are then passed to
- the server without DOS ever seeing them, and hence
- without DOS filename validation.
-
- NETX does not do filename validation either. Any
- characters typed at the keyboard in a filename will
- be passed to the server directly as entered.
-
- If DOS filename format was selected when the server
- was installed, lower case accented characters will be
- converted by the server to upper case characters
- before the file is actually opened.
-
- If NetWare filename format was selected when the
- server was installed, the accented characters will
- not be converted, but will be left lower case.
-
- VLMs on the other hand, do not intercept DOS function
- calls. Rather they let DOS decide whether the
- function applies to the network or not. Since DOS sees
- the command first, it does do filename verification
- before it hands the command to the VLMs. Therefore,
- when the VLM passes the filename to the server, any
- lower case characters in the filename have already
- been converted to upper case. In this case, no
- conversion is required at the server.
-
- From the above discussion, it becomes apparent, that
- a problem may arise if the server was installed with
- NetWare filename format, and there are workstations
- on the network which use NETX and other workstations
- attaching to the same network which use VLMs.
-
- It can readily be seen that a workstation using NETX
- in this case could create a file on the server which
- could not be accessed by a workstation using VLMs
- since the file created by NETX could contain accented
- characters, which the workstation using VLMs could
- not pass to the server.
-
- If however, the server was installed with DOS
- compatible filenames, this problem would not exist.
-
- Different Versions of DOS at Workstations
-
- Not all versions of DOS perform filename validation
- in the same manner. Versions of DOS from different
- software vendors perform differently in some with
- respect to some characters.
-
- From the previous discussion it can also be seen that
- in an environment where workstations are running
- different versions of DOS, and where the different
- versions of DOS validate filename characters
- differently, it might also be possible to create
- files on one workstation that are not accessible from
- another workstation.
-
- This problem would only exist if the workstations
- were running VLMs.
-
- Different DOS Configurations at Workstations
-
- The same problem as described above would exist with
- VLMs, where all workstations were running the same
- version of DOS, but where workstations had different
- code page and country code configurations.
-
- Because DOS does filename character validation based
- on the requirements of a given language, it would
- again be possible for a workstation configured with
- one code page to create files that a workstation
- configured with a different code page could not
- access.
-
- This problem could be further compounded by having
- the server running yet another code page.
-
- It should also be noted that if DOS filename format
- has been selected on the server, but the workstation
- has a different code page selected from that of the
- server, the server may actually remap the filename
- characters after receiving them.
-
- If different code pages are to exist on different
- workstations, it may be advisable to select NetWare
- filename format, so that the server does not try to
- remap any characters in the hexadecimal 80 to FF
- range.
-
- Upgrade Considerations
-
- If you upgrade an existing server which contains
- filenames containing characters in the hexadecimal 80
- to FF range, and if you select DOS filename format,
- some of these files may be renamed the first time the
- volume mounts.
-
- This happens because some of the filename characters
- will now be illegal. In this situation, when the
- volume is mounted, an error will be detected, and
- VREPAIR will be run.
-
- VREPAIR will change any lower case accented
- characters to upper case accented characters,
- according to the rules for the country code and code
- page that the server was installed with.
-
- If a filename already exists with that name, an
- alternate name will be chosen, substituting a number
- for the last character of the filename.
-
- Once this is done, the volume will mount correctly.
- However, if you have batch files or login scripts that
- refer to these renamed files you will need to change
- them manually.
-
- If you select NetWare format filenames during the
- installation process, no files will be renamed, but
- rather they will be left as they were.
-
- However, you should note that as per the discussion
- on VLMs, it will not be possible to access files
- containing lower case accented letters from
- workstations running VLMs.
-
- KEYB.NLM
-
- Until the release of NetWare 4.xx, NetWare had no
- foreign keyboard support. It didn't matter if you
- plugged in a German, French or other keyboard. It was
- treated like an American keyboard.
-
- This meant that German users had to press <Z> to get
- <Y> and vice versa. The French had to press <A> to
- get <Q>. In NetWare 3.12 AND 4.xx the KEYB.NLM remaps the
- keyboard correctly for German, French, Italian, and
- Spanish customers.
-
- However, there is no way for software to determine
- what kind of keyboard is connected. The user must
- specify the keyboard. This is done by selecting the
- keyboard mapping as part of the locale configuration
- of the installation.
-
- If you do not select the proper keyboard during
- installation, a problem arises when entering the
- password as user ADMIN.
-
- For example, if someone with a German keyboard
- decides to make the password "Zahn├rtzen". For
- security reasons, only "**********" would be
- displayed on the screen, which is the expected
- behavior.
-
- INSTALL then prompts the customer to reenter the
- password. Again, the customer sees "**********".
- INSTALL then accepts the password if it was typed
- exactly the same way as it was previously.
-
- Later in the day, if the user tries to log in as ADMIN
- from a workstation that has KEYB.COM loaded, the user
- can't, because the customer is typing "Zahn├rtzen"
- and the server wants to see "Yahn'rtyen".
-
- The solution for German, French, Italian, and Spanish
- customers is to select the proper keyboard mapping as
- part of the locale configuration during the
- installation process.
-
- Customers not currently supported by KEYB (Norway,
- Turkey, etc.) must be very careful when selecting
- passwords and only use the keys similarly positioned
- on their keyboard and American keyboards.
-
- For the user who has this problem and can't get logged
- in as ADMIN again, there is a solution less drastic
- then reinstalling Directory Services: Edit the
- workstation's AUTOEXEC.BAT file so that KEYB.COM
- doesn't get loaded. Then restart the workstation and
- the keyboard will function as an American keyboard.
-