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- Path: sparky!uunet!mcsun!uknet!strath-cs!st-and!mrl
- From: mrl@st-andrews.ac.uk ( Michael Ladomery)
- Newsgroups: talk.origins
- Subject: Re: Topic for Discussion?
- Message-ID: <1993Jan25.192040.5946@st-andrews.ac.uk>
- Date: 25 Jan 93 19:20:40 GMT
- References: <1jo29o$srt@agate.berkeley.edu>
- Organization: St. Andrews University, Scotland.
- Lines: 81
-
- In article <1jo29o$srt@agate.berkeley.edu> philjohn@garnet.berkeley.edu (Phillip Johnson) writes:
- >
-
- >biology, Chris Colby begins with the question: "What is
- >Evolution?" He answers by citing as an example the familiar case
- >of the peppered moth:
- >
- >"The kind of evolution documented above [in the peppered moth
- >example] is called "microevolution". Larger changes (taking more
- >time) are termed "macroevolution". Some biologists feel the
- >mechanisms of macroevolution are different from those of
- ~~~~~~~~~~
- >microevolutionary change. Others, including myself, feel the
- >distinction between the two is arbitrary. Macroevolution is
- >cumulative microevolution."
- >
- >This wording acknowledges that "some biologists" do not think
- >that the peppered moth example illustrates a creative process
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- >that can produce new species, much less new complex organs.
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
- The above quote is a consideration
- about mechanisms; ie some biologists may believe that the mechanisms
- of macroevolutionary changes (genetic etc) are distinct, such as
- radical genetic rearrangements giving rise to radical changes.
- I fail to see how the underlined interpretation follows.
-
- >Indeed, that is true. To give only a single example, the
- >doctrine that "macroevolution is cumulative microevolution" is
- >the theory that Stephen Jay Gould once pronounced to be
-
- Pardon me: doctrine or theory?
-
- >"effectively dead," in a paper in which he endorsed a modified
- >version of the macromutational views of Richard Goldschmidt.
- >(See Darwin on Trial, Chapters Two and Three, esp. p. 40). Of
- >course an adaptive macromutational mechanism -- in Gould's words
- >"a potential saltational origin for the essential features of key
- >adaptations" -- has yet to be demonstrated.
- >
- >I would say that it is reasonable for a well-informed observer to
- >conclude that macroevolution (i.e. the creative process that
- >produced complex plants and animals in the first place) is not
- >"cumulative microevolution" (i.e. the peppered moth example writ
- >large over geological time).
-
- I fail to understand how you reach this conclusion.
- I would also ask you this, and I suggest it's an important question:
-
- Given that you acknowledge that microevolutionary changes occur
- (if you endorse that terminology) such as the peppered moth's
- changes over a short time frame, what do you propose is the reason
- why cumulative microevolutionary changes over much longer periods
- coupled with reproductive isolation events DO NOT lead to speciation?
- I would be very interested to know, especially in a genetic context.
-
- >If so, it is also reasonable to
- >conclude that the mechanism of macroevolution is an unsolved
- >mystery. This does not necessarily imply supernatural creation,
- >because it is possible that science will discover a naturalistic
- >mechanism at some time in the future. It is also not "anti-
- >science." Indeed, students with inquiring minds may be more
- >attracted to the field of evolutionary biology if they are told
- >that they have an opportunity to try to solve a big mystery,
- >rather than merely to fill in the details of the neo-Darwinian
- >picture. Of course, there can be no guarantee that they will
- >succeed.
-
- Were we to have a complete understanding of molecular biology, of
- the genes' products and interactions, were we to know how
- development proceeds in detail, were we to know of all the ways
- in which genetic changes can relate to phenotypic changes, then
- we'd be much better able to hypothesize mechanisms of "macroevolution".
- I would however distinguish between the theory of the common
- descent of species, which is widely if not almost universally
- accepted among biologists, and the detailed mechanisms whereby
- such evolution occured, the latter being, sure enough, a big
- mystery.
-
- cheers
-