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- From: bvickers@valentine.ics.uci.edu (Brett J. Vickers)
- Subject: Johnson uses Argument from Personal Incredulity
- Nntp-Posting-Host: valentine.ics.uci.edu
- Message-ID: <2B63AD4A.27409@ics.uci.edu>
- Newsgroups: talk.origins
- Organization: Univ. of Calif., Irvine, Info. & Computer Sci. Dept.
- Lines: 75
- Date: 25 Jan 93 09:05:14 GMT
-
- Consistently, Phillip Johnson has talked about how he is
- unsatisfied by Darwinism as an explanation for origins, or
- how he does not think it is close to being sufficient. This
- reminded me of a passage in _The Blind Watchmaker_ where
- Richard Dawkins describes Bishop Montefiore's similar
- incredulity:
-
- He [Bishop Montefiore] makes heavy use of what may be
- called the Argument from Personal Incredulity. In the
- course of one chapter we find the following phrases, in
- this order:
-
- ...there seems no explanation on Darwinian
- grounds ... It is no easier to explain ...
- It is hard to understand ... It is not easy
- to understand ... It is equally difficult to
- explain ... I do not find it easy to comprehend
- ... I do not find it easy to see ... I find it
- hard to understand ... it does not seem feasible
- to explain ... I cannot see how ... neo-Darwinism
- seems inadequate to explain many of the
- complexities of animal behaviour ... it is not
- easy to comprehend how such behaviour could
- have evolved solely through natural selection ...
- It is impossible ... How could an organ so
- complex evolve? ... It is not easy to see ...
- It is difficult to see ...
-
- The Argument from Personal Incredulity is an extremely weak
- argument, as Darwin himself noted. In some cases it is based
- upon simple ignorance. For instance, one of the facts that the
- Bishop finds it difficult to understand is the white colour of
- polar bears.
-
- As for camouflage, this is not always easily
- explicable on neo-Darwinian premises. If polar
- bears are dominant in the Arctic, then there
- would seem to have been no need for them to evolve
- a white-coloured form of camouflage.
-
- This should be translated:
-
- I personally, off the top of my head sitting in
- my study, never having visited the Arctic, never
- having seen a polar bear in the wild, and having
- been educated in classical literature and theology,
- have not so far managed to think of a reason why
- polar bears might benefit from being white.
-
- In this particular case, the assumption being made is that
- only animals that are preyed upon need camouflage. What is
- overlooked is that predators also benefit from being
- concealed from the prey. Polar bears stalk seals resting
- on the ice. If the seal sees the bear coming from far
- enough away, it can escape. I suspect that, if he imagins
- a dark grizzly bear trying to stalk seals over the snow, the
- Bishop will immediately see the answer to his problem.
- The polar bear argument turned out to be almost too easy
- to demolish but, in an important sense, this is not the
- point. Even if the foremost authority in the world can't
- explain some remarkable biological phenomenon, this doesn't
- mean that it is inexplicable. Plenty of mysteries have
- lasted for centuries and finally yielded to explanation.
- For what it is worth, most modern biologists would't find
- it difficult to explain every one of the Bishop's 35 examples
- in terms of the theory of natural selection, although not
- all of them are quite as easy as the polar bears. But we
- aren't testing human ingenuity. Even if we found one
- example that we *couldn't* explain, we should hesitate to
- draw any grandiose conclusions from the fact of our own
- inability. Darwin himself was very clear on this point.
-
- --
- Brett J. Vickers
- bvickers@ics.uci.edu
-