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- Path: sparky!uunet!news.tek.com!vice!hall
- From: hall@vice.ICO.TEK.COM (Hal F Lillywhite)
- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Subject: Re: Airplanes fly upside-down, how?
- Message-ID: <11225@vice.ICO.TEK.COM>
- Date: 28 Jan 93 15:39:36 GMT
- References: <1993Jan27.184332.1844@kth.se> <1993Jan28.055248.9009@sfu.ca>
- Organization: Tektronix Inc., Beaverton, Or.
- Lines: 36
-
- In article <1993Jan28.055248.9009@sfu.ca> palmer@sfu.ca (Leigh Palmer) writes:
-
- > Airplanes fly by
- >climbing up on a virtual pillow of increased air pressure which supports
- >the
- >entire weight of the aircraft. That this is so is well known to pilots who
- >have experienced the greater ease with which this is done by a plane
- >flying
- >near the ground. It is the reason waterfowl cover great distances
- >scarcely
- >a wingspan above the surface; it's much easier to fly there, and its much
- >easier to see that they are constantly climbing onto that "pillow".
-
- Uh, Leigh I think you blew it with the waterfowl example. "Great
- distances" is rather undefined but when waterfowl want to fly really
- long distances (as in migration) they use an altitude much greater
- than a wingspan above the surface. Yes they will fly a ways near
- the surface, maybe from nest to food etc. However for the fall
- flight south and spring return north (Northern Hemisphere) they fly
- hundreds or even thousands of feet above the surface.
-
- What you have described is the "ground effect." Near the surface a
- flying object will compress air between itself and the ground (or
- water) providing more lift. Among humans the experts on this would
- include helicopter pilots who notice it when making slow landings
- and especially no power emergency landings. (The effect is less
- noticible with the higher speed landings of fixed wing aircraft.)
- However this extra lift comes with a penalty, namely that the thicker
- air provides more resistance to forward motion. Higher altitude
- flight avoids this and is more efficient for long distance travel.
- I speculate that this is the reason that a waterfowl will fly low
- when carrying a load of food back to the young in the nest but high
- when migrating. You will also notice that any long distance airline
- flight climbs to an altitude of 20,000 ft. or above (usually well
- above). The purpose is to reach thinner air at those altitudes,
- thus reducing air friction and saving fuel.
-