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- Xref: sparky sci.physics:23415 alt.sci.physics.new-theories:2820 sci.skeptic:22815
- Newsgroups: sci.physics,alt.sci.physics.new-theories,sci.skeptic
- Path: sparky!uunet!well!sarfatti
- From: sarfatti@well.sf.ca.us (Jack Sarfatti)
- Subject: re: below absolute zero?
- Message-ID: <C1EEo5.8Jr@well.sf.ca.us>
- Sender: news@well.sf.ca.us
- Organization: Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link
- Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1993 07:12:05 GMT
- Lines: 23
-
-
- This is from a thread in rec.arts.startrek.tech which you physics junkies
- should start looking at if you want to generate students and earn your
- academic salaries in a time of decreasing educational investment - which may
- or may not change under Clinton:
-
- I'm not sure of what was originally intended. I just caught the posts
- whipping by at warp 10 and did not really digest it. There is in quantum
- physics such a thing as a negative spin temperature - this would be formally
- below absolute zero - but that is misleading since any negative temperature
- is "hotter" than any positive temperature. Indeed -.0000000000.....1 degrees
- Kelvin is hotter than infinite positive temperature. This is because of the
- way entropy varies with respect to energy in quantum systems with discrete
- energy levels. A negative temperature means that more particles sit in the
- upper energy level than in the lower energy level for the simple case of
- a two level system like a spinning electron, proton or even neutron, or atom
- of spin 1/2 in a magnetic field.
-
- Thought problem for Star Fleet Academy Cadets from Admiral Sarfatti:
- How does a reversible Carnot heat engine behave if the hot reservoir is
- at a negative quantum temperature while the cold reservoir is at a positive
- classical temperature? What kind of Star Fleet devices can you make with
- this idea? Hint: use the second law of thermodynamics.
-