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- Path: sparky!uunet!dziuxsolim.rutgers.edu!ruhets.rutgers.edu!bweiner
- From: bweiner@ruhets.rutgers.edu (Benjamin Weiner)
- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Subject: Re: Why does the moon keep the same face to the Earth?
- Keywords: Moon Rotation Inertia Momentum
- Message-ID: <Jan.25.01.00.04.1993.29039@ruhets.rutgers.edu>
- Date: 25 Jan 93 06:00:06 GMT
- References: <1993Jan23.154116.13409@aifh.ed.ac.uk> <1993Jan24.150942.24822@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu>
- Organization: Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, N.J.
- Lines: 38
-
- acampane@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu (Angelo Campanella) writes:
- >I conjecture that a slight nonumiformity of the moon's mass distribution
- >exists, and that the face of the moon pointed at us carries a mass bulge.
-
- This is of course true, because the earth raises tides on the moon which
- tend to elongate it along the earth-moon axis.
-
- >This would then make the rotational moment of inertia of the earth-moon
- >system at a minimum, and hence be in stable rotation.
-
- This is known as "tidal locking"; what happens is, if the moon rotates
- nonsynchronously, then the tidal bulge is moving about on the surface
- of the moon; the moon is stretching and contracting, and this dissipates
- energy. So this tidal friction retards the moon's rotation until it
- slows to being locked.
-
- >One wonders if energy dissipation mechanisns such as our ocean tides are no
- >absorbing rotational energy, and that another permanent equilibrium should
- >someday exist; the earth pointing always one face at the moon.
-
- A stronger effect is that, while the moon now rotates slowly, the earth
- is still rotating quickly; hence the tidal bulge on the earth rotates
- "out from under" the moon, and leads the moon in its orbit. (Obviously
- there has to be some time constant for deformation/relaxation of the
- earth's shape for this to happen ...) The leading bulge exerts a little
- more force on the moon than the trailing bulge does, so it tends to
- speed the moon up, which moves the moon to a higher orbit. The back
- reaction tends to slow the earth's rotation.
-
- According to the book I'm looking at ("Astronomy: the cosmic journey", gee
- wow!, by W.K. Hartmann), eventually the earth becomes tidally locked to the
- moon, partly due to the _solar_ tides on earth; then the solar tides slow
- the earth's rotation further, the day becomes _longer_ than the month, and
- the moon starts getting closer again. Unfortunately he doesn't mention
- any timescales. Another amusing fact he gives is that there is evidence
- for the changing day and month; certain marine animals have daily and monthly
- bands in their shells, and the fossil record suggests that 2.8 billion years
- ago the month was only 17 days long.
-