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- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Path: sparky!uunet!noc.near.net!lynx!mkagalen
- From: mkagalen@lynx.dac.northeastern.edu (michael kagalenko)
- Subject: Re: ATOMS & ELECTRONS
- Message-ID: <1993Jan23.220138.15459@lynx.dac.northeastern.edu>
- Organization: Northeastern University, Boston, MA. 02115, USA
- References: <16302@hq.hq.af.mil> <1993Jan19.203435.9707@sfu.ca> <1jipr8INN9vo@elroy.jpl.nasa.gov>
- Date: Sat, 23 Jan 1993 22:01:38 GMT
- Lines: 62
-
- In article <1jipr8INN9vo@elroy.jpl.nasa.gov> angelyn@fridge.Jpl.Nasa.Gov (Angelyn P. Williams) writes:
- >In article <1993Jan19.203435.9707@sfu.ca> Leigh Palmer, palmer@sfu.ca writes:
- >
- >>In article <16302@hq.hq.af.mil> John C Pope, jpope@pafosu1.hq.af.mil
- >>writes:
- >
- >>> * Why do the elctrons (of an atom) not go crashing into the protons?
- >
- >>John, no one knows the answer to that question. The field of quantum
- >>physics is founded in the empirical observation that they do not. There
- >>is a name for the non-event, by the way. The crashing of electrons into
- >>their nuclei is called the "Ultraviolet Catastrophe #2".
-
- You don't think that renormalization is an answer to UVcatastrophy, Leigh ?
-
- >
-
- >
- >H = (p^2/(2m)) + e^2/r Hamiltonian, more or less,
- > for hydrogen atom
- >
- >E1 = <H> Expectation value of Hamiltonian
- > gives ground state energy
- >
- > = <(p^2/(2m)) + e^2/a> Say ground state atom has typical
- > radius a
- >
- >(Delta-p)(Delta-x) > hbar Heisenberg uncertainty principle
- >
- >--> Delta-p > hbar/a uncertainty in radius on the
- > order of radius itself (a)
- >
- ><p^2> = (Delta-p)^2+<p>^2
- > = (Delta-p)^2 <p>=0 (ground st = energy eigenst)
- > > (hbar/a)^2
- >
- >So E1 > (hbar^2/(2ma^2)) - e^2/a Quantum-mechanical gnd st energy
- >--------------------------------
- >
- >Looky here. Classically John was right, the electron should
- >stick to the proton "like a magnet to metal," and why? because the classical
- >energy -e^2/r gets smaller and smaller as r -> 0. But look at E1 here
- >(quantum-ly). Sure -e^2/a gets smaller, but the kinetic energy part
- >hbar^2/(2ma^2) gets bigger, faster! So as the electron gets infinitesmally
- >close to the proton, you have an extermely large amount of kinetic, and
- >therefore total energy. Hence it does not happen. One may say the
- >non-collapse of the hydrogen atom is "caused by" the large momentum uncertainty
- >when an electron is confined to a tiny tiny position uncertainty. So why
- >does a magnet get as close as it can to a refrigerator door yet an electron
- >is compelled to stay a bit away from a proton? Classical scale (big) vs.
- >quantum scale (tiny).
-
- Why Earth is not crushing into the Sun ? Your answer really applys to
- the question "Why electron in the ground state doesn't radiate"
-
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