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- From: revu@ellis.uchicago.edu (Sendhil Revuluri)
- Subject: Physics News Update #111 (1/21)
- Message-ID: <1993Jan22.053914.21600@midway.uchicago.edu>
- Summary: Latest Physics News Update
- Keywords: physics news interesting banana
- Sender: news@uchinews.uchicago.edu (News System)
- Reply-To: revu@midway.uchicago.edu
- Organization: University of Chicago
- Date: Fri, 22 Jan 1993 05:39:14 GMT
- Lines: 79
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- This is a "Physics News Update" distributed by Phillip Schewe of AIP
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- Sendhil Revuluri (s-revuluri@uchicago.edu)
- University of Chicago
-
- **********************************************************************
-
- PHYSICS NEWS UPDATE
- A digest of physics news items prepared by Phillip F. Schewe, AIP
- Public Information
- Number 111 January 21, 1993
-
- SQUID DETECTORS OPERATING IN THE
- MILLIATTOVOLT range have been able to measure a tiny
- resistance in a YBaCuO thin-film superconductor, even in low
- magnetic fields and for low currents (F.C. Wellstood et al., 4 Jan.
- 1993 Physical Review Letters). The resistance arises from noise
- in magnetic flux lines which do seem to penetrate the sample even
- though the external fields used are far below the critical field at
- which penetration is supposed to commence. By the way, although
- the scientists in this Maryland-AT&T-Berkeley collaboration use
- the prefix milli-atto to denote 10 raised to the -21st power, the
- official name for this prefix is "zepto," or just z. For those who
- would go further yet, the name for 10**-24 is "yocto." (Science
- News, 16 Jan. 1993.)
-
- CHANGES IN THE EARTH'S ROTATION RATE occur at the
- level of several parts in 10**8. Using laser ranging (bouncing
- radar waves off the Moon or satellites) and very long baseline
- interferometry, length-of-day (LOD) measurements can detect 0.03
- msec changes. Jean Dickey, a JPL geophysicist, cites three main
- types of LOD change: a linear increase owing to tidal dissipation;
- larger, irregular variations, on the scale of decades, owing to core-
- mantle interactions; and shorter-term (seasonal) changes from the
- angular momentum exchange between crust and atmosphere.
- (Eos, 12 Jan. 1993.)
-
- HOW ELEMENTARY PARTICLES COME TO HAVE THE
- MASS THEY DO is "the most important outstanding problem in
- particle physics today," says Berkeley scientist Lawrence Hall. The
- standard model is not much help: indeed, certain of the known
- particle masses are used as input parameters for the theory. Hall
- and his colleagues Savos Dimopoulos of Stanford and Stuart Raby
- of Ohio State have advanced a new model, reworking parts of the
- existing theories, which makes six specific testable predictions
- (Phys. Rev. Lett., 30 Mar. 1992) on such topics as B-meson decay,
- proton decay, and the top quark (their estimate for the mass: 188
- GeV). The top is being pursued at Fermilab and new proton-
- decay experiments are being readied in Japan---the Super
- Kamiokande detector---and Italy---the Icarus detector. (Science,
- 8 Jan. 1993.)
-
- BRIGHTNESS VARIATIONS IN SUN-LIKE STARS were as
- large as 2.7% for a sample of 33 stars studied over eight years.
- The average year-to-year brightness variation for those stars
- similar to the Sun in age was 0.16% (rms), compared with 0.04%
- for the Sun. The scientists who made the photometry observations
- of the stars at the Lowell Observatory conclude (contact Sallie
- Baliunas, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, 617-495-7415)
- that although the Sun is in an unusually steady phase right now,
- eras of larger-amplitude variability, such as the Maunder Minimum
- (AD 1645-1715), may occur more often than previously believed
- and that reconstructions of past solar brightness should take this
- into account. (Nature, 17 Dec. 1992.)
-
- CORRECTION. The small galaxy group harboring a dense
- concentration of dark matter (Update 109) is called NGC 2300,
- not NGC 200. The article on atomic hydrogen in a magnetic trap
- (O.J. Luiten et al., mentioned in Update 110) will appear on 1
- February 1993, not Jan. 26.
-
-