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- From: szabo@techbook.com (Nick Szabo)
- Newsgroups: sci.nanotech
- Subject: Re: Organic Machines?
- Message-ID: <Jan.21.23.07.19.1993.5333@planchet.rutgers.edu>
- Date: 22 Jan 93 04:07:20 GMT
- Sender: nanotech@planchet.rutgers.edu
- Organization: TECHbooks --- Public Access UNIX --- (503) 220-0636
- Lines: 43
- Approved: nanotech@aramis.rutgers.edu
-
- nsmca@acad3.alaska.edu writes:
-
- >Does nantech machines have to be mechanical? or can they be
- >genetic??
-
- Ultimately nanomachines will be mechanical, since we can then
- use a much wider range of molecules than biology currently
- uses.
-
- For now, the path to full Drexler nanotech is following
- two major threads. The first of these is scaling of lithography
- down to the "deep sub-micron" scale, for the manufacture of
- quantum dots, designer catalysts, and minitiarized circuitry.
- Within a decade, we may see AFM arrays or other techniques used
- to mass-produce chips a 10 nm scale. The second is biotechnology,
- with liposomes (drug-carrying artificial membranes), monoclonal
- antibodies (cells programmed to be triggered by specific molecules),
- polymerase chain reaction (self-replication of DNA outside the cell,
- greatly accelerated over what nature can do), and gene-splicing
- as the basis for two new fields, protein engineering and metabolic
- engineering.
-
- We can already see these two fields starting to merge. Lithography
- is being used to program arrays of chemical reactions, for use
- in DNA sequencing, designer polymers, etc. Enzymes (protein
- catalysts) have been built into clay structures; these molecular
- cyborgs now help make such ubiquitious products as the corn syrup in
- your Pepsi. Soon we will see enzymes designed on a computer,
- programmed into DNA by wet-array-lithography, mass produced by
- gene-spliced bacteria, and then hooked onto lithographed structures
- to form catalysts orders of magnitude more proficient than today's.
-
- On the horizon are molecularly precise resists, or "nanoresists",
- for nanoscale lithography. Within two to three decades, lithography
- combined with a bit of post-processing will likely be able to produce
- molecularly precise parts, at which time we can start building mechanical
- machines and proto-assemblers along the lines Drexler envisions. In
- the meantime, biotech and lithography may bring many of the benefits
- ultimately envisioned for nanotechnology.
-
-
- --
- Nick Szabo szabo@techboook.com
-