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- Path: sparky!uunet!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!usc!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!emory!cs.utk.edu!memstvx1!connolly
- From: connolly@memstvx1.memst.edu
- Newsgroups: sci.lang
- Subject: Re: Subject and object confusion (Was: Re: "n'ha"...)
- Message-ID: <1993Jan25.093751.5191@memstvx1.memst.edu>
- Date: 25 Jan 93 09:37:51 -0600
- References: <1993Jan21.101921.5122@memstvx1.memst.edu> <1993Jan21.233044.4465@trl.oz.au> <librik.727687762@cory.Berkeley.EDU> <1993Jan24.115746.29666@enea.se>
- Organization: Memphis State University
- Lines: 46
-
- In article <1993Jan24.115746.29666@enea.se>, sommar@enea.se (Erland Sommarskog) writes:
-
- [stuff on Breton omitted]
-
- > Well, again we can add several languages to the list. Swedish and
- > German are two. In German you only get an ambiguity when none of
- > the words are masculine with articles, so the example above does
- > not translate well to German, since "Hund" is masculine, but take
- > a cat instead:
- >
- > "Eine Katze sah Tom"
- >
- > I leave to Leo Connolly to sort out the fine details for German, but
- > in Swedish:
- >
- > "En katt s}g Tom" ("}" = a-ring)
- >
- > You don't really know what this is without context. Normally you put the
- > subject first, but then again you are more often talking of what Tom sees
- > than what the cat sees.
-
- I wouldn't be surprised if the fine details for German and Swedish were
- the same, though I don't know for sure. German OVS is limited to sentences
- where the object is *topicalized*, i.e. set as the item about which a
- comment is made. Overwhelmingly this means that the topic is given,
- already mentioned in the discourse. This is difficult with the indefinite
- _eine_Katze_, though definite _die_Katze_ would be no problem. Nevertheless,
- if 'a cat' is given, it is probably also known that a cat was seen. So
- "Eine Katze sah Tom" would the mean 'The one who saw a cat was Tom', or
- less awkwardly: 'It was Tom who saw a cat.'
-
- Strangely, an SVO reading for that example is quite unlikely, in my opinion.
- Indefinite subjects can precede the verb, though they are not likely to
- do so; but there's a logical problem: SVO would, to me, entail that the
- cat then took some action because it had seen Tom: "A cat saw Tom and
- reported this to the proper authorities." However, I wouldn't
- find this entailment with a verb such as _beobachten_ 'observe', though
- I don't know why not. The normal way to say 'A cat saw Tom' is:
-
- Dann hat eine Katze Tom gesehen.
-
- This can only be read as XVSO, not XVOS: word order disambiguates in
- this instance (which is not to say that XVOS is not legal with a few
- verbs such as _gefallen_ 'be pleasing', provided that O is definite).
-
- --Leo Connolly
-