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- From: alanm@hpindda.cup.hp.com (Alan McGowen)
- Date: Thu, 28 Jan 1993 01:22:55 GMT
- Subject: The rights of local people
- Message-ID: <149180450@hpindda.cup.hp.com>
- Organization: HP Information Networks, Cupertino, CA
- Path: sparky!uunet!europa.eng.gtefsd.com!emory!swrinde!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!sdd.hp.com!hpscit.sc.hp.com!hplextra!hpcss01!hpindda!alanm
- Newsgroups: sci.environment
- Lines: 80
-
- Gil writes:
- >and so [I]
- >oppose McGowen when *local* people who know their own area by living
- >in it and depending upon it absolutely for their own livelihood are
- >the ones to be consulted about protecting it. That is not merely an
- >aside, it is the main political game right now.
-
- It is not my view that local dependence on the land for livelihood
- can be ignored in conservation efforts. That would obviously be both
- unjust and counterproductive. And it is quite true that in some cases
- local knowledge of how to maintain local ecosystems, developed with
- millennia of experience, is superior to use patterns which are encroaching.
- Amazonia is full of examples of that. However, there are also many cases
- where local people are clearly degrading their environment either as a result
- of (often colonially intruded) unsustainable land use or other population
- pressures such as hunting pressure. Africa is full of examples of that;
- Southeast Asia also. Locality is absolutely not a guarantee of sustainability.
-
- I strongly deny any principle to the effect that local people automatically
- have a sovereign right to destroy any resource in their vicinity. One major
- disagreement I have with Agenda-21 is the declaration in the preamble of
- the absolute sovereignty of nations over all biological resources in their
- borders. [The early drafts did not have this terrible flaw, for which the
- former US administration is partly responsible, but spoke in more ecocentric
- terms.] I maintain that sovereignty does not extend as far as to allow
- irreversible damage. Compared to the time scale required for the evolution
- of these resources all humans everywhere are mere tenents of the land:
- they have a sovereign right to live there as they see fit -- *short* of
- burning the place down. *That* right they do not have.
-
- But rights or lack of rights won't put out raging fires. Economic
- restructuring -- like that needed in our own US Pacific Northwest where
- the economy depends on unsustainable forestry -- is essential. In many
- places that restructuring needs to arise primarily out of local initiative
- [whether the Pacific Northwest is one of those places isn't quite clear].
- But, as so much of the problem is a result of the colonial past, the developed
- countries have an obligation to help out. Also, they contribute to these
- fires in their own ways -- the US by selling DDT outside its borders (DDT
- is banned inside US borders), for one example, and all the support (loans)
- given by the developed world to maintaining a postcolonial economic
- dependence of the developing nations on developed-world markets, which
- contributes to unsustainable land use, for another example. These contributions
- to destruction have to stop.
-
- Another vital step needed is assistance for international family planning
- and population programs. For some 12 years US aid to these programs was
- frozen by executive order, because of the possibility that this aid might
- fund abortions, which outraged the religious right in this country. Two
- days after his inauguration, president Clinton ended that freeze.
-
- Electoral politics matters.
-
- Gil's claim about the "main political game" is largely wishful thinking,
- I am afraid. The developed world has vastly more power over the future of
- the world's ecosystems than do indigenous people who live in them, and
- when another power dominates it is always the postcolonial national
- government, never indigeneous people. That is appallingly unjust, but
- obviously true.
-
- Gil's solution seems to be to rant and rail at all concentrations of power,
- all political processes, and all citizens of powerful polities. That may
- be emotionally satisfying to him, but it is quite ineffectual. Major changes
- must occur within the centers of power of our world -- within the United
- States, Europe, Japan etc. and in the United Nations, and these changes
- must devolve into the national governments of the developing world, before
- anything remotely resembling social justice and ecological sanity can be
- secured in Amazonia or Sarawak.
-
- Forcing those changes is our responsibility, those of us in the powerful
- states. And those of us in the US, which has behaved so egregiously in
- the past, have a larger responsibility, beginning with establishing social
- justice and ecological sanity here at home, and with demanding accountability
- for the destructive actions outside our borders of the transnational
- corporations we helped to create.
-
- ------------
- Alan McGowen
-
- "By the faces we show each other and the world... we force the spring."
- -- Bill Clinton.
-