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- Path: sparky!uunet!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!rphroy!kocrsv01!pkbhatti
- From: pkbhatti@kopth004.delcoelect.com (Pardeep K. Bhatti)
- Newsgroups: sci.electronics
- Subject: Re: Why do solder joints go bad?
- Message-ID: <1993Jan20.174256.718@kocrsv01.delcoelect.com>
- Date: 20 Jan 93 17:42:56 GMT
- References: <C0tJnK.6As@fs7.ece.cmu.edu> <77230005@teecs.UUCP>
- Sender: news@kocrsv01.delcoelect.com (Usenet News Account)
- Organization: Delco Electronics Corp.
- Lines: 43
-
- In article <77230005@teecs.UUCP> smithr@teecs.UUCP (Robert Smith) writes:
- >I agree with Jerry, usually solder joints have the seeds of failure
- >implanted during manufacture. If the joint is protected from the
- >atmosphere it shouldn't go bad. Thermal expansion will not kill a well
- >made joint; we thermally shock all our products from +85C to -40C with
- >a transition of about 4 seconds for 30 cycles to test solderability.
-
- "Experience has shown that most of these failures are produced by a
- mismatch in the thermal coefficients of expansion (TCE) of the different
- types of materials typically used in electronic assemblies." -- quoted
- without permission from "Cooling Techniques for Electronic Equipment"
- by Dave S. Steinberg, a foremost industry expert on reliability issues,
- page 249.
-
- "The standard mechanical reliability concern for solder joints is the
- measurement of resistance to failure by low cycle fatigue due to thermal
- cycling." -- quoted without permission from "Solder Joint Reliability",
- edited by John H. Lau, page 267.
-
- I can probably dig up dozens of quotes to this effect.
-
- Thermal cycling is the primary cause of solder joint wear-out. Even a
- well made solder joint has a finite thermal fatigue life. If you have
- manufacturing defects, they make the problem much worse.
-
- And thermal shock DOES NOT simulate thermal cycling. It does not allow
- solder creep, which is the root cause of thermal fatigue and occurs over
- much longer periods of time, several minutes to hours. In fact, the slower
- you ramp the temperature and longer you hold at temp. extremes (upto a
- limit), more you damage the solder joints. This is the nature of low
- cycle fatigue and a well known fact, supported by theory and experimental
- studies.
-
- In general, solder joints in large surface mount devices (leadless being
- worse than leaded) have a much shorter fatigue life than plated through
- hole type devices. Since the current trend in the industry is towards
- surface mount technology, solder fatigue will become more critical in
- the future.
- --
- Pardeep K. Bhatti pkbhatti@kopth004.delcoelect.com
- Delco Electronics Corporation
- GM Hughes Electronics
- *** The opinions expressed are mine, not necessarily of my employer. ***
-