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- Path: sparky!uunet!utcsri!relay.cs.toronto.edu!neuron.ai.toronto.edu!ai.toronto.edu!radford
- Newsgroups: sci.econ
- From: radford@cs.toronto.edu (Radford Neal)
- Subject: Re: Surviving Hyper-Inflation
- Message-ID: <93Jan22.121541edt.574@neuron.ai.toronto.edu>
- Organization: Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto
- References: <1993Jan12.153208.25079@athena.mit.edu> <1993Jan18.004128.5655@midway.uchicago.edu> <1993Jan18.030536.27897@athena.mit.edu> <1993Jan22.061857.22935@midway.uchicago.edu>
- Distribution: usa
- Date: 22 Jan 93 17:16:07 GMT
- Lines: 41
-
- In article <1993Jan22.061857.22935@midway.uchicago.edu> thf2@midway.uchicago.edu writes:
-
- >>>Are you including the $160 billion or so of debt that was monetized
- >>>away due to inflation? If not, you're double-counting.
- >>
- >>please explain what you mean by this.
-
- >Say that there's a $1 trillion debt, $100 billion deficit, and 5% inflation...
-
- >The "deficit" figure will include the interest for this inflation, but
- >it's not a real expense. Hence, deficit figures will always look larger
- >than they really are.
-
-
- This is certainly true, but it is not what is meant by "monetized" debt.
-
- Monetized debt is debt that is held by the country's central bank.
- Money borrowed by the goverment from the central bank is simply
- created out of thin air. Other things being equal, this will cause
- inflation, with the effect that the goverment expenditures financed
- in this fashion are implicitly paid for by whoever was holding cash
- when the currency was devalued by this money creation. Since these
- people cannot be identified, paying them back is impossible, as well
- as not being legally required. Paying back this debt to the central
- bank would, indeed, result in the collapse of the financial system.
-
- Accordingly, this debt cannot be regarded as real, and should not be
- included in the figures on the cumulative debt (though it commonly is).
- I believe, however, that the interest on this non-existent debt does
- not distort the deficit figures, since it is cancelled out by the
- central bank's profit on these loans, which gets credited as goverment
- revenue. It does, however, distort the figures one sees on the percentage
- of goverment revenue that goes to service the debt.
-
- If I recall correctly, about 10% of goverment debt in countries such
- as Canada and the US is owed to their central banks. I suspect that
- in countries like Brazil the percentage is far higher (at least the
- percentage of the debt in their own currency - Brazil's central bank
- isn't allowed to create US dollars).
-
- Radford Neal
-