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- From: kong@leland.Stanford.EDU (Kong Kritayakirana)
- Subject: Bogus Arguments about Digital Audio
- Message-ID: <1993Jan28.054937.16909@leland.Stanford.EDU>
- Sender: news@leland.Stanford.EDU (Mr News)
- Organization: DSG, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
- Date: Thu, 28 Jan 93 05:49:37 GMT
- Lines: 148
-
- From: jreiser@scott.skidmore.edu (Jason Reiser... Asleep)
-
- >Wouldn't it be nice if CD players were actually capable of anything
- >approaching 95dB dynamic range!
-
- Yes, it would. They actually CAN do a little better than that.
-
- >But, sadly they fall quite short of this,
-
- No, they don't. 95dB of dynamic range is definitely possible.
-
- >and the numbers quoted throughout the industry are strictly
- >bogus!
-
- No, they are not.
-
- >The following is an excerpt from The Absolute Sound,
- >July/August '92 by Gerard Rejskind.
-
- Pseudo-technical with a lot of faulty information, let me tell you.
-
- [stuff deleted]
- >The usual claim of over 90 dB of dynamic range is based on a common
- >mathematical blunder,
-
- Seems like the writer of this article knows nothing about DSP or the effect
- of quantization on dynamic range and signal to noise ratio. So it is not his
- mathematical blunder, but rather his ignorance on the subject he addressed.
-
- > The formula for calculating the theoretical maximum dynamic
- >range of a digital system is well known. It is:
- > 20 log (2^b - 1)
- >where b is the number of bits in the system.
-
- WRONG. The formula is: Dynamic range (dB) = 6.02*b+1.76 So for CD, the
- theoretical dynamic range is 98.1dB for 16 bit data. Email me if you want
- references to this formula. They're tons. Not one of them was written by
- "subjective" audio reviewers.
-
- >Since the CD uses 16 bits, we can calculate the dynamic range:
- > 20 log (2^16 - 1) = 96.33 dB
-
- Right Number --> Wrong Formula --> Meaningless Result
-
- >The calculation ignores the fact that all 16
- >bits are not used for signal data. The last bit is used as a parity
- >check (which alerts the error correction circuit that something is
- >wrong with the data)
-
- CD uses 8-to-14 data interleaving/error correction. You actually get all 16
- bits to use to encode the signal. Another flop by this TAS writer.
-
- >and so we should do the calculation with only 15
- >bits:
- > 20 log (2^15 - 1) = 90.3 dB
-
- Wrong Number --> Wrong Formula --> Meaningless Result
-
- >This is still very good, but there is a problem: It expresses
- >the peak-to-peak value of the noise.
-
- 90.3 dB peak-to-peak noise??? Tell him to go read a DSP textbook, will you?
-
- >The usual way we measure noise
- >is by its root mean square value. To convert, we need to subtract:
- > 20 log (2 x SQR(2)) = 9.03 dB
- > We are now down to about 81 dB,
-
- Wrong Formula + Serious Misunderstanding --> Meaningless Result
-
- [phony discussion about very complicated digital headroom issue deleted]
- >Even so, the bottom part of the dynamic band is not usable because low
- >level signals suffer, in nearly all players, from severe distortion.
-
- He's probably looking at datasheet of circa 1984 DAC chip to arrive at this.
-
- >This can be
- >reduced considerably by the proper use of dithering (the deliberate
- >addition of abalogue noise to the signal),
-
- WRONG. Dithering is noise added to make sure that the quantization noise
- becomes uncorrelated with the digital signal to avoid noise exhibiting
- behavior like harmonic distortion. And dithering does not have anything to
- do with low level linearity. Apples and oranges got mixed up here.
-
- >but a simple instrument
- >test confirms that only the best players can reproduce a sine wave at
- >a level of -60 dB as anything but a caricature of the original.
-
- I guess the "simple" test instrument is the one at fault then.
-
- >So why do CD players seem dynamic range of over 90 dB? This
- >figure is based on the (deliberate?) confusion of two concepts.
-
- The writer definitely has confusion of a lot more than two concepts.
-
- >Turn off the signal in an analogue system, and you can read the system's
- >actual noise. Do the same in a digital system, and you are left with
- >nothing at all. Noise measurements of CD players usually express
- >nothing more than the residual noise of the analogue section. Not
- >surprisingly, it is usually terrific.
-
- Finally he's got a point. It is true that some DACs try to cheat, ie., mute
- its output when no digital input is detected. But even if they don't,
- the signal to noise ratio is well above 90dB.
-
- >ANALOGUE PROBLEMS:
- >This is the problem that most player designers attack first,
- >because most of them know analogue better than digital. Because of
- >price pressure, most companies cut corners wherever they can. Their
- >analogue sections usually contain inexpensive amplifier chips,
- >including the venerable (and horribly slow) 741.
-
- 741 opamp has been dead for years. Most el cheapo CD players use 5532s.
- Terrible opamp in my opinion, but still way much much better than jurassic
- 741. Again the writer might not have seen any development in integrated
- circuits since 1970 or so.
-
- >Such chips will spoil anything,
-
- It certainly will. But the point is they are not used in CD player. You find
- them in EE labs for first course in analog electronics.
-
- [another conclusion based on ill-informed knowledge on the subject deleted]
-
- >Well, what is to be done? I think we need to speak up,
-
- Yes. We say, "Go get a grip on DSP, Gerard."
- The article is laid with so much faulty information that it becomes
- quite hard to argue with the writer who knows so little about what he wrote
- and stood up to make a "profound" point.
-
- >growing acceptation, even in certain audiophile circles, of common
- ^^^^^^^^^^^
- Acceptance. Wonder what TAS editor has been doing lately....
-
- >Think about it."
-
- I did. But he sure didn't understand DSP well enough to write what he wrote.
-
- > - Jason
-
- This is not a personal attack on you. But hope you get a better idea now
- what digital audio really is. And hopefully you get some idea about quality
- of The Abso!ute Sound's technical editor.
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Kong Kritayakirana
-
-