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- Path: sparky!uunet!ogicse!decwrl!csus.edu!netcom.com!park
- From: park@netcom.com (Bill Park)
- Newsgroups: comp.robotics
- Subject: Re: Sonar and the 68HC11
- Summary: Dr. Leslie Keyes developed phased-array in-air sonar transducers
- Keywords: sonar, phased array, in-air, handicapped aids, aids for the blind
- Message-ID: <1993Jan25.201556.19356@netcom.com>
- Date: 25 Jan 93 20:15:56 GMT
- Article-I.D.: netcom.1993Jan25.201556.19356
- References: <EfM5_Ya00WBM458UUW@andrew.cmu.edu> <1993Jan24.081155.15471@adobe.com> <1993Jan24.183226.10455@netcom.com>
- Followup-To: comp.robotics
- Organization: Netcom Online Communications Services (408-241-9760 login: guest)
- Lines: 63
-
- In article <1993Jan24.183226.10455@netcom.com> nagle@netcom.com (John Nagle)
- writes:
-
- > It's really time for somebody to start developing smarter sonar
- > systems for robots. We've been using those dumb Polaroid sensors for a
- > decade now, and enough is known about bat, dophin, and submarine sonar
- > to do a much better job. The DSP chips are available and cheap.
- > Somebody with audio, DSP, or sonar experience needs to do this one.
- >
- > A reasonable way to start would be to use a machine with stereo
- > audio inputs and outputs, and try to do bat-type FM sonar, operating
- > around 10-20KHz.
- >
- > John Nagle
- =================
-
- About fifteen years ago I saw a movie made by --I believe-- Doctor
- Leslie Keyes of the University of Canterbury in New Zealand. It
- showed blind children playing a block-stacking game while wearing
- baseball caps fitted with Keye's phased-array sonar transducers above
- the bills. The transducers had about a dozen emitter/receivers
- arranged horizontally to produce a narrow vertical beam that the kids
- could sweep side-to-side by turning and tilting their heads to locate
- objects precisely. The kids listened to signals from the arrays using
- stereo earphones (whether they heard the signals heterodyned down to
- the audio range, or whether they heard beat frequencies from the
- different transducers, I forget). Anyway, the kids rapidly learned to
- interpret the wideband, binaural acoustic signals to "see" the blocks
- on the table in front of them, and were able to take turns adding a
- block to the stack. They could stack up about six blocks before the
- stack fell over. They placed the blocks on top of the stack
- one-handed, without feeling their way up the stack. This demonstrated
- that they really were "seeing" the objects on the table with the sonar
- arrays. Other experiments showed that the kids could distinguish
- different materials based on frequency-dependent scattering from
- different surface textures, acoustic absorption characteristics, etc.
- E.g., they could distinguish coarse from fine sandpaper, drapes from
- walls, people from other objects.
-
- Keyes had had a long and productive career developing secret military
- underwater sonar systems, then decided to try to help blind children
- with his skills after he retired. In those days, the idea of even
- approximating electronically the acoustic signal processing that the
- kids learned to do with their ears was out of the question--and not
- what Keyes was trying to do, anyway. These days, inexpensive DSP
- chips and neural network chips would make practical a great deal of
- sophisticated processing of signals from such transducers. There
- would be plenty of applications for such technology in industrial
- process control and inspection, robot guidance, and perhaps medical
- applications as well.
-
- I've mentioned Keyes' work repeatedly in different forums over the
- years since then, but I've never heard of anyone's taking the
- slightest interest in it. If someone knows different, I'd like to
- hear about it. I think there's a lot of amazing technology like this
- withering on the vine out there because the right person has simply
- never heard about it.
-
- Bill Park
- =========
-
- --
- Grandpaw Bill's High Technology Consulting & Live Bait, Inc.
-