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- Newsgroups: comp.dsp
- Path: sparky!uunet!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!mane.cgrg.ohio-state.edu!conan!david
- From: david@osc.edu (David Knight)
- Subject: Re: Windows for High Res Spectral Analysis
- Message-ID: <1993Jan21.190124.25163@cgrg.ohio-state.edu>
- Sender: news@cgrg.ohio-state.edu (Usenet News Poster)
- Reply-To: david@osc.edu
- Organization: The Ohio Supercomputer Center
- References: <1jm5euINN5up@rave.larc.nasa.gov>
- Date: Thu, 21 Jan 1993 19:01:24 GMT
- Lines: 92
-
-
-
- Newsgroups: comp.dsp
- Subject: Re: Windows for High Res Spectral Analysis
-
- In article 14930@nstn.ns.ca, tcreasy@fox.nstn.ns.ca (Tim Creasy) writes:
- >
- >SUMMARY:
- >
- >I am looking for feedback from the net about applying windows to
- >discrete-time samples for high resolution spectral analysis.
- >I need to resolve a spectrum accurately at more than 90dB
- >below the level of the fundamental signal.
- >
- >
- >THE PROBLEM:
- >
- >I am testing a 16 bit A-D converter for SNR and Harmonic Distortion.
- >This involves appling a spectrally pure sine wave of known frequency
- >to the input, and capturing the digital samples at the output into
- >memory on a single board computer. Then I perform an FFT, enabling
- >me to analyze the output in the frequency domain.
- >
- >I soon encountered the problem of spectral leakage. If there is
- >a discontinuity in amplitude between the first and last time sample,
- >the fundamental tone does not fall neatly in an FFT bin, but spreads out
- >over a large number of bins, totally obscuring any harmonics at the
- >-90dB level and below.
-
- I don't believe that's the fundamental cause of the spread you observe.
- The results of an FFT are themselves samples (but in the frequency domain), not
- averaged or cumulative frequencies over a bin of frequencies. As such, all
- the potential problems of aliasing and sampling still exist in the frequency
- domain just as they do in the time domain. The fundamental
- cause of the spread you notice is primarily a function of the number of
- samples you take the FFT of and your window. To obtain ideal resolution in
- the frequency domain, you'd have to use an infinite number of samples. The
- frequency of your signal would have to be constant the entire time it's being
- sampled, too.
-
- >
- >One way of overcoming this is to phase lock the sinusoidal source to
- >the sampling clock (not possible with my set up), or equivalently,
- >truncate the time data so that there remains an integer number of sine
- >waves in the sample interval. But this is not satisfactory because
- >now the number of time samples is not a power of two, so the Fourier
- >Transform is slow.
- >
- >The more common way is to multiply the time data by a window before
- >performing the FFT. This effectively makes the input waveform
- >(and possibly its derivatives) continuous at its endpoints. But
- >I know windowing must also have a side effect of distorting the
- >output spectrum, especially at the low levels I am talking about.
- >Apparently the familiar Hanning and Hamming windows are not good
- >enough for this application. To date, I have achieved best results
- >with a four-term Blackmann-Harris window. This is where I need help!
- >
- >
- >QUESTIONS
- >
- >1. How much distortion can I expect the Blackmann-Harris window to
- > put into my resulting spectrum? Will the levels of the harmonics
- > be affected? Can I trust it at the -90 to -100dB level?
-
- I don't think you can trust it at those levels. I don't have my copy of
- Discrete Time Signal Processing, by Oppenheim and Shafer, handy, but I believe
- they have a chart comparing the Hamming, Hanning, Blackman, & some Kaiser
- windows.
-
- >
- >2. Are there better windows to use? (I have never seen anyone mention
- > 5 or 6-term windows, but I can't see why they wouldn't exist AND
- > be better than the 3 or 4 term variety. More computing power is
- > not a big issue here.)
-
- My impression is that a Kaiser window could be preferable. See Discrete Time
- Signal Processing. There are two main issues of window selection: resolution
- and spectral leakage. The Kaiser window allows you to independently control
- both, given that you can also choose the number of samples that you take your
- FFT over.
-
- >[...]
-
- Hope this helps,
- -- Dave Knight, david@osc.edu
-
- (Disclaimer: I'm just learning this stuff myself, so if I've made any errors
- understand that I'm not passing myself off as an expert. I'd be interested in
- reading any corrections. I think it's safe to suggest that you take a look at
- "Discrete Time Signal Processing," though. It has hints about programming a
- Kaiser window as well as selecting its parameters, too.)
-
-