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- Path: sparky!uunet!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!rpi!usc!news.service.uci.edu!ucivax!ofa123!Wales.Larrison
- From: Wales.Larrison@ofa123.fidonet.org
- Newsgroups: sci.space
- Subject: Shuttle Performance (Was:Comparative $/lb)
- X-Sender: newtout 0.04 Dec 29 1992
- Message-ID: <n0a45t@ofa123.fidonet.org>
- Date: 30 Dec 92 00:22:54
- Lines: 79
-
- David Anderman writes:
-
- >Using a 50,000 lb. payload for the Shuttle to calculate its cost
- >per pound does not take into consideration the trivial fact that
- >the Shuttle never carries 50,000 lbs into orbit. Maximum payload
- >weight for a safe abort is 40,000 lbs, and the shuttle rarely
- >carries that much weight.
-
- There are several other factors here, and I believe, a
- misstatement. The factors are that many shuttle missions do not go
- to 150 nmi, 28.5 deg. circular orbits. If the shuttle goes to a
- higher orbit such as was done for Space Telescope deploy, its
- performace decreases (as does every other launch vehicle). So I
- would not expect the shuttle to carry its max rated capacity for 150
- nmi to 250 nmi or so. Similarly, if the shuttle launches to a
- higher inclination orbit than 28.5 deg, say to 50 deg inclination,
- then its performance also decreases (as does every other launch
- vehicle). Again, I would not expect the shuttle to carry its max
- rated capacity for 28.5 deg inclination 150 nmi orbits to 40 deg
- inclination 150 nmi orbits.
- On that basis, yes, the shuttle rarely carries its maximum
- achievable payload, if that maximum payload is measured to 150 nmi,
- 28.5 deg circular orbits.
- Probably a better comparision is to compare the percentage of
- maximum payload possible (based upon vehicle performance to that
- altitude and inclination) to what was actually achieved. Based upon
- my analysis of this, incorporating the masses of the primary
- payloads (IUS/TDRS, Spacelabe etc), plus secondary payloads (middeck
- locker experiments, GAS cans, crew experiments), and compared to the
- expected vehicle performances into the altitudes and inclinations
- the shuttle was launched into, I find the shuttle manifest
- typically runs about .95-.97 full.
- I found this result rather surprizing (I was trying to justify ET
- propellant scavenging into unused payload performance to fuel a
- resuable space tug), but the simple answer I found what that
- secondary payloads (GAS cans, crew experiments, middeck locker
- experiments) are used to fill up unused primary payload
- performance -- yet typically only pimary payloads are listed on the
- manifest. And there is quite a long waiting list of secondary
- payloads who want opportunities to fly ...
-
- The misstatement is the 40,000 lbs safe return weight. There are
- actually two safe return weights, with a much higher value based
- upon a 1 time safe return, versus a routine return. Please read the
- following, which is a repeat of a November posting (which is a
- repeat of an earlier posting).
-
- ORBITER RETURN PAYLOD CAPABILITY
- Orbiter return capability is totally different from orbiter
- delivery capability. The orbiter return delivery capability is
- calculated on an individual vehicle and mission capability - based
- upon total return landing weight. Furthermore there is a 1-time
- contingency landing capability as well as a regular mission limit.
- The limit is driven at (from memory) about 240 Klbs routine
- return weight on the landing gear/tires. OV-102, since it is about
- 9,000 lbs heavier than any other vehicle, is certified for regular
- returns of about 32,000 lbs of payload. OV's-103, -104, and -105 are
- much lighter weight vehicles and can accommodate higher weight
- payloads, typically in the 40,000 lb or higher category, on a
- regular basis without exceeding the 240 Klb limit.
- However, there is also a higher certified safe limit for a 1-time
- contingency landing. If the shuttle is launching a 45,000 lb
- TDRS/IUS, it obviously can't dump the payload before landing in a
- RTLS or TAL abort, yet it must be able to land safely. And there
- might be a heavy payload that won't deploy. So the orbiter is
- certified to land, at least once, with a gross weight at landing of
- about 275Klbs, which is about a 75,000 payload on OVs -103, -104,
- and -105. After such a landing, it would be necessary to reinspect
- and recertify the landing gear, but it has been exhaustively
- certified that it won't crash or collapse in such an event. I called
- and talked to a Shuttle landing gear designer I used to work with,
- and he thought an inspection would be sufficient in such an event,
- based upon the landing data from the previous 45 [now closer to 52,
- I believe] or so flights.
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
- Wales Larrison Space Technology Investor
-
- --- Maximus 2.01wb
-