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- From: roberts@cmr.ncsl.nist.gov (John Roberts)
- Newsgroups: sci.space
- Subject: Re: Aluminum as rocket fuel?
- Message-ID: <C0240n.Ly6.1@cs.cmu.edu>
- Date: 30 Dec 92 05:16:33 GMT
- Article-I.D.: cs.C0240n.Ly6.1
- Sender: news+@cs.cmu.edu
- Distribution: sci
- Organization: National Institute of Standards and Technology formerly National Bureau of Standards
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-
- -From: jtk@s1.gov (Jordin Kare)
- -Subject: Re: Aluminum as rocket fuel?
- -Date: 29 Dec 92 22:18:33 GMT
- -Organization: LLNL
-
- -It is my understanding that there are serious technical difficulties in
- -making a workable aluminum/oxygen rocket. While I'm by no means an
- -expert, I believe the problems include:
-
- -Injection: How do you transport Al? How do you get it to mix with the O2?
-
- Maybe they'll have to get some technical assistance from the John Deere
- company (maker of agricultural combines). :-) [Combines use a mechanical
- feed to transport the harvested grain.]
-
- For final injection, it occurs to me that using gaseous oxygen to "blow"
- the powdered aluminum in might be an option.
-
- The final mix probably needs to be oxygen-rich if you want to maximize
- specific impulse.
-
- -Cooling: The combustion temperature of Al and O2 is very high (or they
- -wouldn't give even ~300 s Isp). Conventional engines are regeneratively cooled
- -by the fuel. Regenerative cooling with O2 is difficult -- O2 tends to
- -oxidize engine parts :-(.
-
- I suspect they'll eventually have to go for something like ceramic linings.
-
- -Exhaust flow properties: AlO2 is both refractory and abrasive.
- -I don't know (and I wouldn't be surprised if no one knew) just what the
- -condensation properties of AlO2 would be in a rocket exhaust, but it
- -seems likely that the exhaust will chew up most throat and nozzle materials
- -and may not provide very efficient thrust.
-
- According to Henry, there may also be problems with Al2O3 building up deposits
- on the inside of the engine. Aluminum-oxygen engines will probably be
- single-use for the forseeable future.
-
- -None of this makes an Al-O rocket impossible, just difficult -- enough so
- -that there are probably easier ways of getting mass off the moon.
-
- A linear launcher (or laser launcher - plug, plug :-) might be better in the
- long run. Aluminum engines might have an advantage in the short-to-medium
- run by virtue of lower startup costs. The first lunar launch systems will
- probably use fuel imported from off-moon. Combinations of the above might
- be useful. Other factors - possible eventual availability of volatiles
- from the asteroids, and dual-use laser systems for both launching and
- landing payloads on the moon.
-
- John Roberts
- roberts@cmr.ncsl.nist.gov
-