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- Path: sparky!uunet!spool.mu.edu!agate!physics3!aephraim
- From: aephraim@physics3 (Aephraim M. Steinberg)
- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Subject: Re: Question 6
- Date: 3 Jan 1993 02:12:23 GMT
- Organization: /etc/organization
- Lines: 39
- Message-ID: <1i5i27INNh9m@agate.berkeley.edu>
- References: <Jan.2.19.47.51.1993.14346@pilot.njin.net>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: physics3.berkeley.edu
-
- In article <Jan.2.19.47.51.1993.14346@pilot.njin.net> jmgreen@pilot.njin.net (Jim Green) writes:
- >On the other hand, if a positron and an electron collide (say while
- >traveling slow), the mass goes to zero and the energy increases,
- >E = hbarnu.
- >
- >I don't understand this!
- >
- >Well, you say, in the case of the anihilation, the mass-energy doesn't
- >change. Why, yes that is true, it does look like mass is "converted"
- >to energy and mass-energy is conserved, but in the case of the iceberg
- >. . .
-
- Well, actually, since E and p are both conserved, the invariant mass is
- conserved: m^2 = E^2 - p^2. in any frame, the total mass of the
- system is conserved.
-
- The problem is that mass must be defined as I did above for this to hold,
- i.e., as the invariant length of the energy-momentum four-vector. When
- this is done, the mass of a system is NOT necessarily the sum of the
- masses of its parts. This is, of course, why E=mc^2 is so interesting in
- the case of atomic nuclei: Helium-4 weighs less than four nucleons put
- together due to its binding energy, and it is this "mass excess" which
- is released in fusion.
-
- The "mass" of two photons speeding away from each other (as would happen
- in e+e- annihilation, since there is no way to get 1MeV into a single
- photon with no net momentum) is actually non-zero. In the center of
- mass frame, it is equal to the sum of the two photon energies (since p=0),
- which will be slightly greater than 2 x 511 keV.
-
- (Similarly, the mass of the e+e- system just before annihilation was
- slightly greater than the sum of the individual masses.)
-
-
- --
- Aephraim M. Steinberg | "WHY must I treat the measuring
- UCB Physics | device classically?? What will
- aephraim@physics.berkeley.edu | happen to me if I don't??"
- | -- Eugene Wigner
-