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- From: sichase@csa1.lbl.gov (SCOTT I CHASE)
- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Subject: Re: range of EM force
- Date: 31 Dec 1992 07:16 PST
- Organization: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory - Berkeley, CA, USA
- Lines: 49
- Distribution: world
- Message-ID: <31DEC199207165034@csa1.lbl.gov>
- References: <C03zI8.7Fy@utdallas.edu>
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-
- In article <C03zI8.7Fy@utdallas.edu>, nariani@utdallas.edu (Sushil Nariani) writes...
- > This must be very stupid. If the EM force is via virtual photons,
- > how does it have an infinite range, given that a virtual photon
- > of frequency 'v' has a non-zero "borrowed" energy 'hv' ?
- > Leggett, in his book, "Problems of Physics", says this is because the
- > photon has zero rest mass and hence a zero "borrowed" energy. I
- > find this fishy.
-
- Fishy or no, it's true. The easiest way to see this is to look at the
- scalar case. The field of a point source is then described by the
- Klein-Gordon equation,
-
- Box(psi) - m^2*psi = G*delta(x)
-
- where G is some coupling constant, m is the mass, and "Box" is the
- D'Alembertian operator, Del^2 - (1/c^2)*d^2/dt^2.
-
- To solve this for the static field psi is easy - you just take the
- Fourier transform to get
-
- (-k^2 - m^2)PSI = G/(2*pi)^3/2,
-
- where PSI is the Fourier transform of psi. So you get
-
- PSI = - (stuff) * (1/(k^2+m^2).
-
- To get the original field back, you need to do the inverse Fourier
- Transform, and the math get's a little messier - you need to expand
- the exp(-ipx) kernal in terms of spherical waves ("Bauer expansion",
- or spherical Bessel expansion), etc. You can do it with that hint
- if you try hard enough. Allow me, for the sake of brevity, to just
- give you the answer:
-
- psi = -G/(4*pi) * exp(-mx)/x
-
- In other words, you get a 1/r field modified by exp(-mx), which defines
- the range, 1/m in these units, of the static field. So, for x >> 1/m,
- psi is suppressed by a large exponential factor.
-
- You can find more detail in Sakurai, chapter 1. Try to work out the
- details for yourself. It's very educational.
-
- -Scott
- --------------------
- Scott I. Chase "It is not a simple life to be a single cell,
- SICHASE@CSA2.LBL.GOV although I have no right to say so, having
- been a single cell so long ago myself that I
- have no memory at all of that stage of my
- life." - Lewis Thomas
-