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- Newsgroups: sci.military
- Path: sparky!uunet!gatech!hubcap!ncrcae!ncrhub2!ciss!law7!military
- From: Joe Johnson <jjohnson%astroatc.UUCP@cs.wisc.edu>
- Subject: Frederick the Great, Bavaria and Ludwig II.
- Message-ID: <Bzo8u9.CDy@law7.DaytonOH.NCR.COM>
- Sender: military@law7.DaytonOH.NCR.COM (Sci.Military Login)
- Organization: NCR Corporation -- Law Department
- Date: Tue, 22 Dec 1992 17:34:57 GMT
- Approved: military@law7.daytonoh.ncr.com
- Lines: 84
-
-
- From Joe Johnson <jjohnson%astroatc.UUCP@cs.wisc.edu>
-
- >From richard welty <welty@balltown.cma.com>
-
- >In article <BzB9qq.16v@law7.DaytonOH.NCR.COM> you write:
- >>From "patterson,george r" <patter@dasher.cc.bellcore.com>
-
- >>So, finally, we get to his son, Friedrich II (Frederick the Great), who
- >>fought wars with virtually any Germanic noble who resisted him, nearly
- >>unifying the Germanic states. This gave him the power to successfully
- >>fight Austria, France, and Russia. It was during his reign that units of
- >>the Bavarian military became Prussian. Of course, your ancestor may have
- >>been a mercenary soldier; much of the Prussian army were mercenaries.
-
- >umm, not really. Bavaria was an independent kingdom until the
- >very end of the 1800s, when german politics and chancellor Bismark finally
- >forced Bavarian King Ludwig (sometimes characterized as ``mad Ludwig'') to
- >acknowledge Kaiser Wilhelm of Prussia as the German emperor, thus creating
- >the Second Reich.
-
- >cheers,
- > richard
-
- To start with Frederick, he did not come close to unifying Germany; at the
- time of his death in 1786, there were between 300 and 400 separate German
- states within the Holy Roman Empire. German unification was not Frederick's
- goal - he wanted to raise Prussia to the same level as the other major
- German power Austria, and he succeeded more or less.
-
- Frederick fought two major wars, both of which were fought primarily
- against Austria. Shortly after he came to the throne in 1740, Frederick
- went back on his approval of the Pragmatic Sanction and attacked Austria.
- His goal was to force Maria Theresa to give up Silesia, and after a
- struggle of a few years, Austria ceded Silesia to Prussia, ending the War
- of the Austrian Succession. Maria Theresa made recovery of Silesia a top
- priority, which (among other factors) led to the Seven Years War in 1756,
- with Austria, Russia and France pitted against the UK and Prussia. Most of
- the smaller German states chose one side or the other; I believe Bavaria
- fought against Prussia, but I'm not certain.
-
- Frederick's situation in 1756 was not good: he was facing the bulk of the
- Austrian and Russian armies. On the other hand, the Prussian army was
- qualitatively better, Frederick himself was an able general, and the
- Austrians and Russians had trouble coordinating their military actions.
- Frederick had a number of major victories, but he suffered a roughly equal
- number of defeats. By 1762 he was in big trouble. Berlin had been
- temporarily occupied at least once, the Prussian economy was ruined and
- Frederick was seriously thinking about suicide - as opposed to surrender.
- At this point the Russian Czarina died and the coalition against Frederick
- fell apart. Frederick even got to keep most of Silesia in the peace
- settlement.
-
- Frederick fought in no other major wars, and spent the rest of his reign
- rebuilding Prussia. Apart from Silesia, his only other major acquisition
- was the Polish territory he took in the 1st Partition of Poland.
-
- With regard to Bavaria, it, along with a number of other German states,
- remained fully independent until 1871. During the Franco-Prussian war, the
- German princes, including the King of Bavaria, offered the office of
- Emperor to the King of Prussia and the Second Reich was created. Of course
- this was pretty much as Bismarck had planned. The Empire was federal in
- nature, so all of the members (roughly 26 I think - Prussia was the
- largest and Bavaria was second) retained control over their own internal
- matters; all of the foreign policy was handled from Berlin. The states even
- retained some control over their own armed forces. The Wittelsbachs thus
- ruled in Bavaria until the revolution of November 1918 forced them out,
- along with the Kaiser, the King of Saxony, etc.
-
- Ludwig II (the "mad" king) was deposed by a group that included members of
- his own family, mainly due to his spendthrift ways. I don't recall the date
- offhand, but I think it was in the late 1880s. He had essentially
- bankrupted the state with his castle building program. Bismarck liked
- Ludwig and was sympathetic to his plight, but felt that he could not
- interfere in what was an internal Bavarian dispute. After Ludwig's death
- (suicide or murder?) he was succeeded by an uncle or maybe a cousin.
-
- joe
-
- --------
- jjohnson%astroatc.uucp@cs.wisc.edu | Und wenn sie nicht gestorben sind,
- {...}!uwvax!astroatc!jjohnson | so leben sie noch heute...
-
-
-