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- Newsgroups: sci.math
- Path: sparky!uunet!stanford.edu!CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU!Sunburn.Stanford.EDU!pratt
- From: pratt@Sunburn.Stanford.EDU (Vaughan R. Pratt)
- Subject: Re: need proof: (1 + 1/n)^n ==> e
- Message-ID: <1992Dec31.073054.28133@CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU>
- Sender: news@CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU
- Organization: Computer Science Department, Stanford University.
- References: <1992Dec29.094842.3685@CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU> <VICTOR.92Dec30104755@terse.watson.ibm.com> <1992Dec31.045851.26887@CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU>
- Date: Thu, 31 Dec 1992 07:30:54 GMT
- Lines: 37
-
- In article <1992Dec31.045851.26887@CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU> pratt@Sunburn.Stanford.EDU (Vaughan R. Pratt) writes:
- >
- >Problem. Give comparably elementary proofs of the stronger result that
- >X_n (not just X_N) has a limit, and the yet stronger result that X_n is
- >monotone increasing [where X_n = (1+1/n)^n --- the point here is to do
- >this without resorting to either the arithmetic-geometric mean inequality
- >or the tedium of binomial expansion.].
-
- Seems like a good dinner is almost as effective as sleeping on a
- problem.
-
- Lemma. (1-1/n^2)^n >= 1-1/n, for integer n>0.
-
- Proof. Shaving one face of the unit n-cube to a depth of 1/n^2 removes
- volume 1/n^2, so shaving n faces removes at most volume 1/n.
-
- (Is there a comparably simple algebraic argument? Disturbing if not.)
-
-
- Proposition. X_n increases monotonically.
-
- Proof: X_n / X_{n-1} = (1+1/n)^n * (1-1/n)^{n-1}
- = (1-1/n^2)^n / (1-1/n)
- >= 1 by the Lemma.
-
- This plus Lemma 2 (Y_N increases monotically---I don't see a comparably
- simple proof that Y_n increases monotonically) from my previous message
- then allows us to bound X_n via
-
- X_n < X_N < 1/Y_N < 1/Y_1.
-
- where N is any power of 2 >= n (recall that 1/Y_N = (1+1/(N-1))^N).
-
- I think this offers everything obtainable from the AGM argument. Still
- not as short as my elementary argument that X_N is monotone though.
- --
- Vaughan Pratt There's safety in certain numbers.
-