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- From: jbaez@riesz.mit.edu (John C. Baez)
- Newsgroups: sci.math,sci.physics
- Subject: Re: Bayes' theorem and QM
- Message-ID: <1992Dec20.050544.21716@galois.mit.edu>
- Date: 20 Dec 92 05:05:44 GMT
- References: <1992Dec18.134107.24536@oracorp.com>
- Sender: news@galois.mit.edu
- Organization: MIT Department of Mathematics, Cambridge, MA
- Lines: 42
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- In article <1992Dec18.134107.24536@oracorp.com> daryl@oracorp.com (Daryl McCullough) writes:
- >jbaez@riesz.mit.edu (John C. Baez) writes:
- >
- >>Classical mechanics and quantum mechanics are fundamentally different in
- >>that the latter is fundamentally probabilistic. The former is only
- >>probabilistic in the sense that computational limitations may prevent us
- >>from computing the precise future state that is in principle determined by a
- >>given present state.
- >
- >When you say that quantum mechanics is fundamentally probabilistic, do
- >you mean (A) QM is a probabilistic theory with no known deterministic
- >completion, or (B) QM is a probabilistic theory that is known *not* to
- >have a deterministic completion?
-
- Neither, since I'm not interested in so-called "completions" of
- quantum mechanics, which is already complete enough for me.
-
- What I mean is this. In classical mechanics, all pure states are
- dispersion-free. In quantum mechanics this is not so.
-
- Less tersely: in classical mechanics, in a pure state one can calculate
- a numerical value for every observable; an ideal measurement of this
- observable should give this number as an answer. Probability
- distributions for the value of an observable are only different from
- delta functions in the case of mixed states (i.e., states in which one
- doesn't know a maximal amount of information about what's going on, as
- are used in statistical mechanics.) We can say that probability theory
- is only needed classically if you have some ignorance about what the
- system is up to. In quantum mechanics, even in a pure state one can
- only calculate a probability distribution for the value of an
- observable, and generically this is not a delta function, but has
- nonzero "dispersion" or standard deviation.
-
- (I'm sure Daryl knows all this but I want to be painfully clear.)
-
- More mathematically: a state of a C*-algebra is "pure" if it is not a
- mixture of two different states. A state mu is "dispersion-free" if
- mu(a^2) = mu(a)^2 for every self-adjoint a. (The difference is the
- variance of a in the state mu.) It is a theorem that for commutative
- C*-algebras, pure implies dispersion-free. But not for noncommutative
- C*-algebras. In the language of C*-algebras, "classical" means
- commutative, while "quantum" is noncommutative.
-