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- Newsgroups: sci.environment
- Path: sparky!uunet!stanford.edu!CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU!CSD-NewsHost!jmc
- From: jmc@SAIL.Stanford.EDU (John McCarthy)
- Subject: Japanese breeder plans
- Message-ID: <JMC.92Dec28095152@SAIL.Stanford.EDU>
- Sender: news@CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU
- Reply-To: jmc@cs.Stanford.EDU
- Organization: Computer Science Department, Stanford University
- Date: 28 Dec 92 09:51:52
- Lines: 97
-
- The following is an excerpt from a U.P. story.
-
- Despite domestic and international criticism, Japan
- plans to continue to develop fast breeder reactors.
- Sources told the newspaper Yomiuri Shimbun that
- Japan's Atomic Energy Commission decided to build a second
- prototype fast-breeder reactor.
- Japan's first prototype fast breeder reactor, Monju,
- is scheduled to reach its full capacity next October
- operated by the government-run Power Reactor and Nuclear
- Fuel Development Corp. The reactor has been the focal point
- of the country's aggressive program to reduce its dependency
- on foreign supplies of nuclear fuel.
- The second reactor will be more advanced than Monju,
- the sources told Yomiuri, and constructed by the electric
- power industry with government assistance. This marks a
- shift from the previous policy of letting the private-sector
- electric power industry take the initiative in developing
- fast breeder reactors.
- Fast breeder reactors contain a type of uranium that
- does not burn as nuclear fuel but are fueled by the spent
- material, plutonium, the most dangerous radioactive material
- according to some scientists and the basis of atomic bomb.
- Critics maintain there is no way Japan will be able to
- consume the more than 80 tons of plutonium it plans to
- create over the next two years.
-
- 1. Contrary to the implications of the _New York Times_ "Japan's
- Nuclear Fiasco" article, the Japanese are going ahead with the
- breeder program. Good for them. We'll eventually be buying
- nuclear technology from them.
-
- 2. The U.P. writer mixes his anti-nuclear opinions into his news
- stories on a consistent basis. The A.P. is a little better about
- not letting writers include editorials in news stories.
-
- 3. The writer is consistently confused about what a breeder reactor
- is. He has not bothered to learn, although he has been writing
- the same story for many months.
-
- A breeder reactor is like any other except for one thing. It is
- more economical with neutrons. In an ordinary reactor, for each
- fission, about .25 neutrons out of the somewhat more than two
- neutrons per fission is absorbed by an atom of U-238, converting
- it to an atom of plutonium. Thus the used fuel rods contain
- valuable plutonium mixed with the fission products and unburned
- uranium. A breeder reactor absorbs more than one neutron in U-238
- per fission. Thus, as long as there is plenty of U-238, you end
- up with more fissionable material than you started with. The
- effect over the long run is that the reactor is burning U-238
- instead of U-235. Uranium contains 140 times as much U-238 as
- U-235, so you get 140 times as much energy out of a kilogram of
- uranium. Moreover, since you get so much more energy out of a
- kilogram of uranium, it is economical to use much lower grade
- uranium ore. This multiplies uranium resources by another
- large factor.
-
- During the early days of commercial nuclear power, it was thought
- that the number of reactors in the world would expand much more
- rapidly than it did. For this reason, a shortage of uranium was
- projected if non-breeder reactors continued to be the sole kind.
- Because fewer reactors were built than expected, and because new
- sources of uranium were found, breeder reactors are less urgent
- than they were though to be. Nothing is lost in the long run,
- because the depleted uranium produced when uranium is enriched
- will be usable in breeder reactors.
-
- Breeder reactors require that the plutonium produced be extracted
- and mixed with uranium when reactors are reloaded. That's what
- the Japanese are doing, although they plan to use some of the
- plutonium in ordinary reactors.
-
- The scientific error in the U.P. story is in:
-
- Fast breeder reactors contain a type of uranium that
- does not burn as nuclear fuel but are fueled by the spent
- material, plutonium, the most dangerous radioactive material
- according to some scientists and the basis of atomic bomb.
-
- The uranium is the same as in ordinary reactors. However, the
- scientific error is unimportant, since the main purpose of the
- sentence is propagandistic.
-
- The main question about breeder reactor development is that of
- when it will be important to use them. At the present rate of
- building of reactors, it will be quite some time. However, if
- the greenhouse effect turns out to be serious, or if pollution
- from burning coal becomes important in the public mind, then
- the rate of building reactors will spurt. Then the price of
- uranium will go up, and those countries that don't have their
- own breeder reactor programs will end up buying them from Japan
- and France.
- --
- John McCarthy, Computer Science Department, Stanford, CA 94305
- *
- He who refuses to do arithmetic is doomed to talk nonsense.
-
-