home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Newsgroups: sci.bio
- Path: sparky!uunet!mcsun!news.funet.fi!polaris!news
- From: Hanna Tuomisto <hantuo@utu.fi>
- Subject: Re: Evolution of the human brain's cognitive capacity
- Message-ID: <1992Dec28.153931.14272@polaris.utu.fi>
- Sender: news@polaris.utu.fi (Usenet News admin)
- Organization: University of Turku
- X-Useragent: Nuntius v1.1a2
- References: <1992Dec24.025548.27816@monu6.cc.monash.edu.au>
- <1992Dec25.011901.22049@u.washington.edu> <BztI7q.1oM@newcastle.ac.uk>
- Date: Mon, 28 Dec 92 15:39:31 GMT
- Lines: 50
-
- w.p.coyne@newcastle.ac.uk writes:
-
- >darice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au (Fred Rice) writes:
- >
- >>I was wondering, is there an evolutionary explanation for the great
- >>capacities humans have to think? I'm thinking about things like our
- >>ability to do advanced mathematics, for instance. There is no
- >>evolutionary survival advantage in being able to solve differential
- >>equations, for instance. If this is the case, then *why*, in
- >>evolutionary terms, can we do such things?
- >
- >Maybe you should rephrase the question "What are the forces which have
- >pushed/pulled human intelligence up to the level where it has given
- >humans the ability to do such abstract things as differential
- >equations?"
-
- Human evolution is a complex process that includes the development of
- also other weird characteristics than the big brain, for instance upward
- gait and nakedness. To me it seems that by far the most coherent
- explanation is that during the time their brain started to evolve larger,
- our ancestors were living at the seashore. It is rather typical for sea
- mammals that the size of their brains is larger in relation to body size
- than with terrestrial mammals of the same weight. I doubt that dolphins
- could solve differentials, but they are the only animals that have as big
- brains as we do, and they are also known to be rather smart.
- There are at least two reasons why a mammal that turns (partly) aquatic
- would develop a large brain. First, neoteny is a typical characteristic
- of aquatic mammals, and this results kind of automatically in larger
- brains, because the foetus always has relatively larger brains than the
- adult. Second, seafood is rich in some fatty substances that are
- essential as building blocks of the brain, while these substances are
- rather scarce in the food available in terrestrial environments. In
- savannah or forest, therefore, an exessively big brain is an
- energetically expensive luxury that would be selected against, while in a
- marine environment it would not be such a burden and could grow beyond
- the limits of immediate need.
- The climate changes have certainly played their part in initiating the
- process by driving the future humans away from the shrinking rain
- forests. But it was the life at sea that caused the radical anatomical
- and physiological changes that make us so different from the rest of the
- primates. The evidence for this hypothesis is summarized in two books by
- E. Morgan: The Aquatic Ape (1982 or thereabouts) and The Scars of
- Evolution (1990).
- I have been wondering why this theory is so seldom mentioned in
- speculations about our evolution. If any of the experts who have been
- contributing to this discussion could give me an answer, I would be very
- pleased indeed.
-
- Hanna Tuomisto
- hantuo@utu.fi
-