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- Path: sparky!uunet!pipex!bnr.co.uk!uknet!newcastle.ac.uk!news
- From: w.p.coyne@newcastle.ac.uk
- Newsgroups: sci.bio
- Subject: Re: Evolution of the human brain's cognitive capacity
- Message-ID: <Bzrn4H.GMq@newcastle.ac.uk>
- Date: 24 Dec 92 13:36:16 GMT
- References: <1992Dec24.025548.27816@monu6.cc.monash.edu.au>
- Reply-To: w.p.coyne@newcastle.ac.uk
- Organization: Chemical & Process Engineering Dept, University of Newcastle, UK.
- Lines: 62
- Nntp-Posting-Host: erui
-
- darice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au (Fred Rice) writes:
-
- >I was wondering, is there an evolutionary explanation for the great
- >capacities humans have to think? I'm thinking about things like our
- >ability to do advanced mathematics, for instance. There is no
- >evolutionary survival advantage in being able to solve differential
- >equations, for instance. If this is the case, then *why*, in
- >evolutionary terms, can we do such things?
-
- Maybe you should rephrase the question "What are the forces which have
- pushed/pulled human intelligence up to the level where it has given
- humans the ability to do such abstract things as differential
- equations?"
-
- Various hypotheses have been put forward to try to explain how in
- just a few million years a species went from being "apes" to humans.
- But from what I (definitely a non-expert) have seen there does not
- seem to see widespread agreement.
-
- So baring in mind my non-expertise here is the explanation for
- the main force which is the best I think I have heard:-
-
- Several million years ago continental drift moved the continents
- into positions where their climate became ultra sensitive to any
- changes in the Earth's rotation (Milankovich cycles). These changes
- resulted in a regular cycle of Ice Epochs which themselves were
- divided into a series of ice age followed by warmer interglacial.
- The current Ice Epoch has lasted since (I forget, maybe 1 or 2 million
- years ago), and it has consisted of ice ages of about 100,000
- years followed by interglacials of up to 10 to 12 thousand years.
-
- The present interglacial has lasted about 12,000 years, which
- is longer than any other recent one. [This is partly why in the
- 1970's there was all the fuss about "Is the next ice age about to
- start"].
-
- The result of all of this on the climates of the different
- regions of the Earth was that there were regular shifts from warmer
- to cooler, wetter to drier etc and back again. Naturally as these
- shifts only lasted between 10,000 and 100,000 years animals and
- plants did not always have time to properly adapt to an environment
- before the climate changed again.
-
- It has been argued that during the long 100,000 periods humans
- branched into different subspecies or races and some were more
- successful than others at specialising. Once the climate changed
- again many/most of the specialist were at a disadvantage to the
- less specialist races and were more likely to die out.
-
- A premium was put on adaptability and it was modern humans
- with their mental, not physical, specialisation which "won".
- Note though that without the repeated climate changes one of the
- less intelligent competitors would have driven them to extinction.
-
-
- > Fred Rice
- > darice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au
-
- further reading
- Imbrie and Imbrie, "the ice age", or some similar title.
- for a recent presentataion of the therory see
- "Children of the Ice" by John and Mary Gribbin.
-