home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Path: sparky!uunet!pipex!bnr.co.uk!uknet!mcsun!fuug!pcuf!news
- From: jarmala@pcuf.fi (Ari J{rm{l{)
- Newsgroups: rec.pyrotechnics
- Subject: Hydrogen/Oxygen bombs with electrolysis
- Message-ID: <C03G23.Bq@pcuf.fi>
- Date: 30 Dec 92 22:34:50 GMT
- Sender: news@pcuf.fi (News)
- Organization: The PC-users of Finland
- Lines: 156
- Nntp-Posting-Host: pcuf.fi
-
-
-
- Last week I restarted my old hobby: H-bombs. They are very
- inexpensive to produce, but rather difficult to transport. This is
- how I make them:
-
- Equipment
-
- - a transformator producing DC about 6 - 12 V
- - insulated copper wire
- - two lead sheets about 12 x 30 mm, 1 - 3 mm thick
- - erlenmayer flask 50 - 100 ml
- - rubber cap for the flask with two holes
- - glas pipe to fit one of the holes in the cap
- - rubber or plastic flexible pipe to fit to the glas pipe
- - 10 g sodium sulphate (Na SO ) (or sulphuric acid)
- 2 4
- - a piece of paraffin or candle
- - open pot of 2 - 5 liters
-
- Construction
-
- Dilute 10 g of sodium sulphate to 100 ml of water. Put the
- solution into the erlenmayer. It is going to be the electrolyte.
-
- Remove 5 mm of the insulation of the wire. Fold this end of the
- wire into a bend piece of lead. Hammer the lead tightly around
- the wire, the copper must not be accessible to any solution.
- Make two of these, they are going to be the electrodes.
-
- Put the 2 wires through one hole in the rubber cap. Seal the
- wires and the hole by soldering them with paraffin. Put the pipe
- through the other hole. Attach the rubber pipe to the (glas)
- pipe.
-
- Make sure that the erlenmayer is nearly full of electrolyte, max
- 5 ml air. Close the erlenmayer with the rubber cap (with its
- electrodes). Make sure the electrodes are in the electrolyte and
- well apart from each other (if the elctrodes meet they make a
- spark and the whole setup can explode).
-
- Fun (version 1)
-
- Pour 5 cm of water into the pot. Put some detergent into the
- water (the one you use for dishes). Lead the rubber pipe into the
- water at the bottom of the pot and _make sure it stays fully
- immersed all the time_.
-
- Connect the electrodes to the plus and minus contacts of the
- transformer, respectively. If you prepared both electrodes of
- lead, the plus/minus order of the electrodes is insignificant
- (bear in mind that only leaden anode survives, but any metal in
- cathode does well).
-
- You notice that tiny bubbles of gas rise from both electrodes:
- hydrogen at the cathode and oxygen at the anode. The amount of
- hydrogen released is twice the amount of oxygen. Consequently,
- the hydrogen/oxygen gas mixture is always stoichiometric and
- therefore gives most bang for the buck.
-
- Now you have detergent+water in the pot. You should get bubbles
- of gas on the surface of the water. Beware! The gas is
- explosive. Light not more than 2 cm3 of bubbles with a match.
- When you get accustomed with the report you may increase the
- number of bubbles.
-
- Fun (version 2)
-
- Change fresh water into the pot (no detergent). Collect
- the gas pneumatically into a water-filled _plastic_ bottle. 0.2
- - 0.5 litre bottles will do in the beginning. When full of gas
- cap the bottle tightly. Tape an ordinary sparkler to the bottle.
- Light the sparkler and run! When the burning region of the
- sparkler reaches the surface of the bottle it (hopefully) melts
- and penetrates the wall and ignites the hydrogen/oxygen gas in
- the bottle.
-
- The report of a 1 - 1.5 litre bottle should equal M-80.
-
- If you create bubbles in the bottle you get a more powerful
- explosion than with plain gas.
-
-
- Try to reduce the consumption of bottles by preparing the
- following device:
-
- - remove the top from a rigid plastic bottle
- fuse
- - collect the gas into this cylinder foil ===========
- ------------
- - cover the open end of the cylinder I| |I
- with plastic foil _underwater_ I| |I
- I| |I
- - secure the foil with a rubber string | |
- | |
- - dry the plastic foil with a cloth | |
- | |
- - tape a fuse onto the plastic foil | bottle |
- | |
- - go outside, light the fuse and run | |
- | |
- - re-use the cylinder | |
- | |
- |________|
-
- A plastic (PVC) or metal tube is also suitable for making the
- cylinder. Inside diameter of about 50 mm and 20 - 25 cm lenght
- is sufficient.
-
-
- The science behind
-
- Water is the oxide of hydrogen:
-
- 2 H + O -> 2 H O + energy
- 2 2 2
-
- With electrolysis you can break the bond in the water molecule
- and separate the elements from water. The amount of electricity
- to do this is 4 farads (=385948 As) per 2 moles (=36 g) of
- water. The reactions are
-
- - -
- on the anode: 4 OH -> 2 H O + O + 4 e
- 2 2
-
- + -
- on the cathode: 4 H O + 4 e -> 4 H O + 2 H
- 3 2 2
-
- - +
- the total: 4 OH + 4 H O -> 6 H O + 2 H + O
- 3 2 2 2
-
- which is: 2 H O -> 2 H + O
- 2 2 2
-
-
- If you have a transformer giving 2 A current (and enough
- voltage, about 4 V shoud do) you can produce about
-
- 2 A x 3600 s/h
- --------------- * 3 mol = 0.056 mol/h = 1.35 litres per hour.
- 385948 As
-
-
- Enjoy!
-
- Standard disclaimers apply.
-
- ---------------------------------------------
- Ari Jarmala (the three 'a's are umlauted),
- o o
- at 60 19'49" N 24 18'38" E
- ---------------------------------------------
-
-