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- Newsgroups: rec.puzzles
- Path: sparky!uunet!wupost!swbatl!oktext!mk452a
- From: mk452a@oktext.sbc.com (Mark Kamphaus)
- Subject: Re: Monty Hall Puzzle RIP
- Message-ID: <1992Dec21.161149.5181@swbatl.sbc.com>
- Sender: usenet@swbatl.sbc.com
- Reply-To: mk452a@oktext.UUCP (Mark Kamphaus)
- Organization: Southwestern Bell
- References: <92353.100332SHERE@SLACVM.SLAC.STANFORD.EDU>
- Date: Mon, 21 Dec 92 16:11:49 GMT
- Lines: 76
-
- In article <92353.100332SHERE@SLACVM.SLAC.STANFORD.EDU> <SHERE@SLACVM.SLAC.STANFORD.EDU> writes:
- >Alright, I've had just about all bickering I can stand on this
- >Monty Hall drivel and I'm going to put it to bed.
-
- [some psudeo-number crunching and other verbage deleted]
- >... Now everybody, repeat after me; half the time
- >we stay with our original choice we win, half the time we change
- >our minds we win, half the time we win, PERIOD! You have no
- >problems with the fact that if Monty reveals what is behind one of
- >the doors and then lets you choose between the two remaining that
- >your chances are fifty-fifty. Yet this is exactly what's happening
- >here! The only difference is SEMANTICS! Whether you "change your
- >mind" or "stay with your original choice" you are STILL CHOOSING
- >BETWEEN ONE OF TWO DOORS. FIFTY-FIFTY.
- >
- >Flames and arguments expected, oh well.
- >
- > Lee
-
- Lee, you solved the wrong problem. The key to the Monty Hall problem
- is that as it is stated, he must always open an empty door. This means
- that additional information is given by his choice. He doesn't randomly
- open a door to reveal that it is vacant. In our problem, he must
- use his knowledge to open the vacant door and leave the other one
- closed. The importance of this can be seen if we try to use the
- information to "cheat" in the game. Assume that you are the contestant
- but prior to the show, you caught a glimpse behind the first door
- and it was vacant. You have two choices. You can pick doors 2 or 3
- and see what happens. Obviously if Monty opens up remaining door that you
- did not pick, you wouldn't change and win (you would use your knowledge that
- door #1 was vacant as well as the one he just opened). But if he opens
- door #1, you have no additional information and have a 50-50 chance
- if you switch.
- The other choice you can make is to pick the door that you know is
- vacant! Since Monty will always open the other vancant door,
- you should always switch and win.
- Now if you don't get a peek behind any of the doors before you
- begin, you should still try to use the same strategy.
- You should try to pick a door that is vacant and switch
- after monty shows you the other vacant one. Because
- you have a 2/3 chance of picking a vacant door initially,
- and the cheating strategy guarantees a win P=1, you
- chance of winning with this strategy is 2/3*1=2/3.
- If this is still difficult, imagine 1000 doors.
- You pick one (initial chance 999/1000 being vacant)
- and Monty open up 998 vacant ones. (Remember, the chance
- that these doors are vacant is 100% because monty
- knows which door contains the prize and must avoid it.)
- There are now two doors. The one you picked, and the one
- Monty didn't open. Since the chance of yours being vacant
- hasn't changed since you picked it, you should switch to
- the door having the 1/1000 chance of being empty.
- And if that reasoning doesn't work, the last bit of
- rationale says that there are by definition always
- going to be 2 out 3 doors vacant. If the Game was that
- you could pick two doors (one would always be vacant)
- or just one, which would you pick? Two doors hopefully.
- After having picked the two doors, if Monty opens one and
- it is vacant, would you switch? No. You knew that at least
- one of the doors that you picked was going to be vacant.
- But you also knew that you had a 2/3 chance of winning
- when you picked two doors. Monty didn't change your
- chances with his opening of the door; You knew a door
- was vacant when you picked them, Monty has only shown you
- which one it was. So you don't switch and you will win
- 2/3 of the time. In our Game, you pick two doors
- for Monty (by default when you choose the one
- for yourself). You know that at least one is vacant
- Monte shows it to you and then asks if you want
- to trade positions. If you switch, that puts you in the
- same position of having chosen two doors initially, even
- though a vacant one has been revealed. You have a 2/3
- chance to win. Hope this helps.
-
-
- mark
-