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- Path: sparky!uunet!not-for-mail
- From: stephe@usenix.org (Stephen R. Walli)
- Newsgroups: comp.std.unix
- Subject: Standards Update: The Elusive JTC1
- Date: 29 Dec 1992 14:23:34 -0800
- Organization: USENIX Standards Watchdog Committee
- Lines: 206
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- Submitted-by: stephe@usenix.org (Stephen R. Walli)
-
- John Hill <hill@prc.unisys.com> reports on JTC1:
-
-
- Quite often in reading articles concerning standards for information
- technology the term ``JTC1'' is encountered. This article defines the
- term, describes its activities, and puts JTC1 in context.
-
- Until late 1988 there were multiple, confusing processes for
- developing worldwide standards for information technology. Some
- standards, such as those for equipment and electrotechnical matters,
- were developed by the IEC. IEC is the acronym for the French
- equivalent of the ``International Electro-technical Commission.''
- Other standards, such as those for media and programming languages,
- were developed under the auspices of ISO. ISO is the commonly used
- name for the French ``international standards organization.''
-
- The source of the confusion about ISO and IEC was largely at the
- detailed level of standards development, and stemmed from the fact
- that there was overlap of the work of the two organizations.
-
- In the middle 1980's, thanks largely to the efforts of Ed Lohse, late
- of Burroughs Corporation, activities to rationalize the situation were
- started in earnest. The product of these activities is the ISO/IEC
- Joint Technical Committee 1, or JTC1.
-
- JTC1 is the first, and currently the only, technical committee that is
- jointly managed by ISO and IEC. Devising the scheme for joint
- management of JTC1 was a formidable task. Here were two organizations
- whose generalized aims were similar but operated in dissimilar
- fashions in key procedural areas.
-
- The situation was sufficiently complex that they decided that separate
- procedures for JTC1 were to be developed and approved. This document
- is known as the JTC1 Directives. (The JTC1 Directives can be obtained
- from the JTC1 secretariat, ANSI.)
-
- So much for the framework. Now for the current organization and
- program of work of JTC1 and its subgroups.
-
- First, you must understand that the members of JTC1 are referred to as
- member bodies. There are two types of member bodies: national bodies,
- and liaisons. There are 42 national member bodies. (Twenty-four are
- primary, and 18 are observer). As an example, the USA, as represented
- by ANSI, is a national body member of JTC1. There are others
- including France (AFNOR), Germany (DIN), and Sweden (SII).
-
- The matter of liaison members is a bit more complicated. There are 14
- internal liaisons. These are subgroups of ISO or IEC that have
- interest in the work of JTC1. There are also 19 external liaisons.
- ECMA, the European Computer Manufacturers Association, is a
- representative example of a liaison member of JTC1. One interesting
- sidelight to this is that most nations have some sort of umbrella-like
- standards organization that can be designated as the country's
- representative in JTC1. These national umbrella standards
- organizations operate within their own countries according to their
- own rules and procedures. JTC1, while insulated from member
- countries' internal operations, is nonetheless aware of them.
-
- So the membership of JTC1 is either national (i.e., by country) or
- notified liaison. There is no concept of ``organizational'' or
- corporate membership. Similarly, there are no individual members.
- Many national bodies operate internally on the basis of organizational
- membership. Some operate on the basis of individual membership. The
- umbrella organization in the USA, ANSI, accredits organizations and
- committees to develop standards for it. Membership in some of these
- is organizational, such as X3. In some it is individual, such as the
- IEEE, the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers.
-
- For the most part the work of JTC1 itself is managerial in nature.
- JTC1 focuses on matters like:
-
- - project initiation,
-
- - subgroup establishment (and disposal,)
-
- - document approval.
-
- The technical work of JTC1 is really accomplished by its subgroups.
- Broadly speaking, there are three types of JTC1 subgroup. These are
- special working groups (SWG), study groups (SG), and subcommittees
- (SC).
-
- SWGs are typically established to perform some specific task and are
- often non-technical in nature. Examples include the SWG-P that deals
- with JTC1 procedures, and SWG-FS that deals with functional standards
- (often called international standardized profiles, or ISPs). [Ed. -
- SWG-FS is sometimes referred to simply as SGFS.] SWG-FS has developed
- Technical Report (TR) 10000 that describes procedures for the
- development of open systems interconnection (OSI) ISPs. SWG-FS is
- currently revising TR10000 in order that it incorporate procedures for
- managing the development of ISPs for open systems environments.
-
- There have been two special study groups established by JTC1. Each
- was given a specific charter and assigned specific deliverables.
- Neither exists today since they completed their assignments. The two
- study groups were MSG-1 (management study group) and TSG-1 (technical
- study group). TSG-1 focused on interfaces for application portability.
-
- The most enduring subgroup type is the subcommittee (SC). SC's tend
- to be organized around functional topics. An SC's typically focuses
- on a single technical subject area. The detailed standards
- development work of an SC takes place within the working groups (WG)
- within an SC.
-
- One way to better grasp the activities of JTC1 is to group the SCs.
- There are four convenient groupings:
-
- - application elements,
-
- - systems,
-
- - equipment and media,
-
- - systems support.
-
- A complete list of these SCs follows the article, grouped according to
- the above list.
-
- The scope of JTC1 is extensive. Virtually all standards used in
- modern information technology systems receive their worldwide
- endorsement by JTC1. This has simply been an overview. There are a
- multitude of detailed projects that collectively specify the full
- depth of the technical program of JTC1.
-
- ISO/IEC JTC1 Subcommittees:
-
- - Application Elements
-
- SC1 (Vocabulary): To collect and coordinate the usage of
- terminology by all groups within JTC1. The Dictionary Group!
-
- SC7 (Software Engineering): To define standardized tools to
- development software.
-
- SC14 (Representation of Data Elements): To codify data elements
- such that their common definitions can be used to exchange data.
-
- SC22 (Languages and Application Environments): Programming
- Language and Operating Environment standards.
-
- - Systems
-
- SC6 (Telecommunications and Information Exchange): Standards for
- telecommunications and OSI, (systems functions, procedures and
- parameters, as well as the conditions for their use,) for the
- four OSI layers that support the transport service. Done in
- effective cooperation with CCITT.
-
- SC18 (Text and Office Systems): Standardization of functionality
- that simplifies text editing and other office related subjects.
-
- SC21 (OSI Information Retrieval, Transfer and Management):
- Development of standards for the upper layers of the Open
- Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. Also included are database
- management systems, information resource management systems
- (IRDS), and open distributed processing standards (ODP).
-
- SC26 (Microprocessor Systems): Development of standards used in
- microprocessor systems including basic hardware, bus and allied
- interfaces.
-
- - Equipment and Media
-
- SC11 (Flexible Magnetic Media for Digital Data Interchange):
- Development of standards for diskettes and cartridges. The
- unrecorded (raw media) as well as the recording standards are
- both included.
-
- SC15 (Labeling and File Structure): Standardization of file
- allocation and directory information used for all types of
- recorded media.
-
- SC17 (Identification Cards and Related Devices): Standards for
- cards such as credit and debit cards including the physical,
- electrical, and magnetic properties. Intelligent (IC) cards are
- also covered.
-
- SC23 (Optical Digital Data Disks): Development of optical media
- standards including the unrecorded (raw) media as well as the
- recording onto and reading from those media. Both write once
- (WORM) and rewritable media are included.
-
- SC28 (Office Equipment): Standardization of equipment commonly
- used in office settings. This includes printers and the quality
- of their output.
-
- - Systems Support
-
- SC2 (Character Sets and Information Coding): Standards for the
- bit and byte coded representation of elements of various
- identified types of information, for interchange mainly at the
- application level, i.e. all aspects of sets of graphic and
- control characters,
-
- SC27 (Security Techniques): Development of standards for
- security, such as encryption and verification,
-
- SC29 (Coded Representation of Picture, Audio and
- Multimedia/Hypermedia Information): Standardization of complex
- (i.e., more difficult than characters) data representation.
- Data compression without the loss of information is also handled
- here.
-
- Volume-Number: Volume 30, Number 6
-