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[GENERAL INFORMATION]
  System Simulation in PR China

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To: [e-mail]
Path: arizona!cs.arizona.edu
From: [e-mail] (Rick Schlichting)
Newsgroups: comp.simulation
Subject: Kahaner Report: PR China: System simulation activities. CIMS Center.
Date: 28 Dec 92 17:20:05 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]



  [Dr. David Kahaner is a numerical analyst on sabbatical to the
   Office of Naval Research-Asia (ONR Asia) in Tokyo from NIST.  The
   following is the professional opinion of David Kahaner and in no
   way has the blessing of the US Government or any agency of it.  All
   information is dated and of limited life time.  This disclaimer should
   be noted on ANY attribution.]

  [Copies of previous reports written by Kahaner can be obtained using
   anonymous FTP from host cs.arizona.edu, directory japan/kahaner.reports.]

To: Distribution
From:
 David K. Kahaner
 US Office of Naval Research Asia
 (From outside US):  23-17, 7-chome, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106 Japan
 (From within  US):  Unit 45002, APO AP 96337-0007
  Tel: [phone], Fax: [phone]
  Email: [e-mail]
Re: PR China: System simulation activities. CIMS Center.
24 Dec 1992
This file is named "bicsc.92"

ABSTRACT. A summary of 2nd Beijing International Conference on System
Simulation and Scientific Computing (BICSC'92), 20-23 Oct 1992, Beijing
PRC. I was surprised at the amount of parallel processing activity.

Simulation is used in a variety of fields, thus a conference on this
topic is likely to be defined by the organizers and participants. This
was certainly the case for BICSC'92, which was focused on continuous
system simulation and sponsored by the Chinese Association for System
Simulation (CASS), and co-sponsored by sister organizations in Europe
and Japan as well as two international simulation societies. BICSC'92
was the successor of the First International Conference on System
Simulation and Scientific Computing, also held in Beijing three years
earlier. (System simulation tends to focus on macro simulation of larger
systems, such as missile defense systems, power plants, etc., in
contrast to fine grain simulation, such as fluid flow around an
obstacle.)

Approximately 200 attendees listened to papers in six parallel sessions
during three full days. In addition to local Chinese, participants
included a few from Japan, Korea, US, EC, and also some expatriate
Chinese (17 countries total).

About 200 papers were published (in English) in the Proceedings.  There
were 226 papers accepted for presentation, 154 from China and 72 from
other countries.  For further information contact the secretary general.

     Professor Zong Ji Chen
     Dept of Control Engineering
     Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (BUAA)
     Beijing 100083, P.R. China
      Fax: [phone]

A list of titles and authors is appended to this report.

There were many Chinese "no-shows" at their scheduled talks. It was
difficult to judge the exact number because of the parallel sessions and
consequent schedule shifting, but in any case the number was much higher
than would normally be expected and was remarked on by the Western
attendees, who were disappointed to find so many empty slots after
travelling so far.  (I actually heard only about half the talks that I
had scheduled.) Most of the missing speakers had already submitted rather
interesting papers in the Proceedings.  Surprisingly, a high fraction of
missing speakers were from Beijing.  (Subsequent to the conference, a
colleague told me that the main reason was the lack of competence of the
authors in presenting their paper in English. Many authors were
"listening to their papers not being presented." In future, perhaps this
problem could be eased if the conference organizers provided a
co-chairman who could present a detailed English abstract and serve as
translator during the discussions. See also my remarks below.)

The General Chairman, Professor Chuan Yuan Wen (also from BUAA),
commented that the topics of special focus were
    * System simulation methodology and modeling
        * Simulation software and simulation computer systems
        * Simulators
        * Applications of artificial intelligence and expert systems in
              system simulation
        * CAD/CAM/CAE/CIMS
        * Application of simulation technology to engineering and
              nonengineering areas
        * Computer aided control system design and its applications
        * Scientific computing

Simulation is a practical discipline, and definitely so within China
(also see remarks by Chou, below).  There were many papers on
applications, and relatively fewer (Chinese) papers on fundamental
technology or basic theory.  (Two excellent exceptions were papers by
the Chairman, Professor Chuan Yuan Wen of BUAA, and Professor Bo Hu Li,
the Director of the Beijing Institute of Computer Application and
Simulation Technology. These and some others are described below.).
Further, because the contributed papers were not refereed their quality
was uneven, although the underlying engineering work and applications
environment appeared to be good and many of the topics under study were
large and complex.  Although there were several papers that presented
work at an international level, there were also many of the form, "well,
I did this and this, and here is what happened." As one senior Western
attendee stated it, "but what did you LEARN?" I believe that most papers
could be significantly improved if the reviewing process was tightened,
and authors, in order to be published, were forced to view their work
less parochially. A meeting such as this is an excellent opportunity for
young Chinese scientists to discuss their projects in an international
setting, but for the benefit of visitors it would be helpful to place
unreviewed papers in separate sessions, note them as such, use poster
sessions, etc.

I had serious difficulties because of language. In my limited
experience, I have found that Chinese scientists are working very
diligently to mainstream their research, open their institutes to
Westerners, and make their projects more accessible to non-Chinese
speakers.  Several journals now have papers in English, or at least have
English titles.  (See for example the titles from Systems Engineering &
Electronics, which is entirely in English [ISSN 104-4132; CN 11-3018]
and ACTA Simulata Systematica Sinica, attached to this report.) However,
potential visitors should be aware that use of spoken English is still
rare.  A few Chinese who have had opportunities to travel in the West
can communicate comfortably; this would include senior scientists such
as those who organized this conference. But many of the other Chinese
participants have almost no speaking English skills and this could be a
serious problem in trying to interact technically.  Chinese scientists
who presented papers often read rather than attempted to speak
informally, but even this style was sometimes difficult to understand.
To be fair, most Western scientists (especially Americans) do not speak
a second language. However, in computing, at least, the dominance of
English language research has been so great that this has not been a
handicap.  Happily, most repeat visitors to China report that the
language situation is improving.

The selection of subjects favored by the Chinese delegates was
significantly tilted toward defense applications (aircraft, ship,
missile, etc.).  See the attached titles for a complete list. (Modeling
and simulation of microwave radar systems seems to be a particularly
challenging topic at the moment. Attached to this report are the titles
of a half dozen Chinese language papers on this topic that appeared in a
recent issue of ACTA Electronica Sinica.) This might be a simple
function of the organizers interests' or perhaps generally reflects the
activity levels within China. Of course there were talks on much less
serious subjects as well, such as studying the effect of a volleyball's
seams on its serve trajectory.

A Chinese, now living in Canada summarized the conference as follows.
"I feel that it was a valuable experience and quite successful when one
considers the difficulties in arranging international participation at a
conference of this nature. While the organization and content may have
been different from what might be expected by the average Western
participant, it was an excellent opportunity for young Chinese engineers
to gain experience in the exchange of ideas with others in their field
from within their own country as well as with attendees from other
countries and different cultures. It encouraged them to participate by
providing an opportunity for those who do not have travel funding to
exchange theories with Western participants and to gain exposure to
different standards of presentation and paper writing. While Chinese
development might not yet have caught up to the Western level, it should
be noted that they are doing a lot of impressive work in areas which
have only recently been developed here [the West]. Considering that they
do not always have access to the latest equipment, I think that their
development is impressive and will soon be equivalent to our own. This
is due in large part to the eagerness of the Chinese to improve
technically through research and hard work. One area that may be helpful
for future conferences would be to have additional invited guests from
industry rather than academia. I felt that a disproportionate number of
[Western] invitees were from academic fields of endeavor. While theory
is important it can only be applied if it has a practical outlet. This
can only be achieved by integrating the theoretical and the practical."
[From Q.B.(Jordan) Chou, Manager, Electrical & Controls Engineering,
Ontario Hydro, 700 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X6 Canada.]

While there was no exhibition associated with the conference, during the
last day, there were one or two demonstrations set up using workstations
and PCs. In addition, several of the Western attendees were taken on a
special tour of the newly opened Beijing Simulation Center. (See below).

Below we summarize a few papers from Asian scientists of special
interest to me.

A keynote speech summarizing thirty years of activities of the Japan
Society for Simulation Technology (JSST) was given by its current Vice
President,
     Dr. Sadao Takaba
     University of Tokyo, Institute of Industrial Science
     22-1, Roppongi 7-chome, Minato-ku
     Tokyo 106 Japan
      Tel: [phone]; Fax: [phone]
Currently, JSST has 635 regular members, 19 student members and 44
corporate members and publishes a quarterly journal. Takaba mentioned
five award examples of simulation work.
     * Magneto thermal hydraulic flow for single crystal growth
     * Gas flow in a semiconductor furnace
     * Simulation system for ship navigation (SISANAM)
     * Simulation of characteristics of electric vehicles
     * Road track sign board and in-car display and simulation
(In the Tokyo metro area, highways have large electronic displays showing
routes, with color indications of congestion, and in some cases, lengths
of traffic back-ups based on real time sensor data. Takaba was a key
person in the design, development and simulation of this system.) Note
that the examples given overlap both types of simulation mentioned in
the first paragraph of this report; clearly there is no sharp dividing line.

In the past ten years JSST has focused on
     * Simulation methodologies, modeling, and validation
     * Simulation hardware and related technologies
     * Specific applications (physics, materials, transportation, etc.)
JSST's current plans are to encourage trans-discipline research between
different fields, including electromagnetic field analysis by mechanical
engineers, and mechanical analysis by medical doctors. Takaba is also
hopeful of cooperation between other Pacific rim simulation societies,
such as those in China and Korea.

Chinese scientists are working on the same problems as their Western
colleagues, simulation software, languages and environments,
manufacturing and training simulators, engineering analysis, hardware
simulators (both real-time and simulated time), use of advanced
techniques in simulation such as neural nets, AI, knowledge base
reasoning, power-plant studies, simulating parallel processing, etc.

I was generally impressed with the topics that were studied, although
knowledge of the relevant current research sometimes appeared to be
several years behind. I noticed this particularly in the choice of
techniques needed to solve continuous simulation problems. Large
continuous system simulation often leads to systems composed of hundred,
thousands (or more) of ordinary differential equations that need to be
solved numerically. There were repeated references to very old methods
such as fixed step Runge Kutta, Merson, Gill, etc., popular 10-20 years
ago in the West. Chinese scientists commented that fixed step methods
are more suitable for "hardware-in-the-loop" simulation that have to
operate in real-time, and that implicit or variable step methods are
much more difficult to manage in this environment.  This is possible,
but it would be best to make that case based on a thorough understanding
of, and experience with, the latest techniques.  I believe that (at
least in this area) the use of more modern methods is one place where
the Chinese could benefit very greatly from better contact with Western
researchers. On the other hand, discrete event simulation appears to be
up to date, using single-point stochastic approximation and simulated
annealing techniques.

I also was impressed with the number of papers concerned with the
development of languages that allow scientists to conveniently express
complicated system descriptions via equations, state diagrams, etc. Many
simulation systems were described, including clever innovations and
adept user interface approaches. One such environment is the XYZ system
developed at Harbin Institute of Technology using CASE tools and
temporal logic in the development of mathematical and physical
simulation  software.  A great deal of work on environments has occurred
in the West over several decades, and the Chinese have made significant
efforts to be compatible. But there were also examples of home-grown
systems such as XYZ. Possible reasons are the high cost (in hard
currency) of commercial simulation software, new ideas about technical
improvements, specialized needs, lack of knowledge about existing
systems,  and incompatibility (or unavailability) of appropriate
computing platforms. In the case of XYZ the main reason appears to be
technical, as the system runs on Sun systems with Unix and X-Windows.

There were a few papers on statistical (Monte Carlo) simulation, ARMA,
and correlation methods, but this was not the main thrust of the
conference.

I also had the impression that many simulations in China are being
performed on computing hardware that is not ideal, and that research
would move benefit from more powerful processing capabilities.  High-end
PCs (built, or at least assembled in China), while not common, are
certainly available. RISC workstations appeared to be much less
prevalent than in Japan or the West.  A number of papers described
computations being done on PCs. Some of these were fitted with extremely
clever add-on boards to provide additional performance.  These included
parallel processing on arrays of transputers (typically up to eight),
or other special purpose simulation hardware, either developed locally
or purchased from international vendors. Good examples of the latter are
systems developed by Applied Dynamics International (ADI), 3800 Stone
School Road, Ann Arbor MI 48104. ADI builds dedicated parallel
processors with hardware encoded algorithms specially developed for
simulation applications. I was told that ADI has a number of systems
operating in China. In addition, the Chinese have also developed their
own version of one of ADI's early systems (called the Yin-he simulation
computer, YH-F1). This was done partially to use Chinese time and
engineering labor instead of spending much needed hard currency. It also
was done because of export restrictions imposed by US and other
developed countries on various high-tech products.

A similar situation has occurred with respect to general purpose
supercomputers, which currently cannot be purchased by China.
Alternatively, the Chinese have their own supercomputer project, and
have developed a "Cray-look-alike." The most recent version is called
the Milky Way II, said to be developed for only about $10M US by the
National Defense Science and Technology University in Changsha, Hunan
Provence.  While restrictions on sales of high performance computing
definitely slow applications development, committed countries can
sometimes "do it themselves on the cheap", with associated learning and
confidence building along the way. China has a large internal market for
computers of all sizes and it is easier to sell locally made computer
technology (from chips to supercomputers) even if these are a generation
behind the state of the art.

Without large numbers of parallel computers I had expected to see
essentially no work on parallel applications, but this was not the case.
While Chinese scientists may not be rushing into parallel processing
with the same enthusiasm as their colleagues in the West, there was a
reasonable number of applications using parallel systems (transputers),
systems and applications software for parallel machines, and even some
tools for parallelizing applications. There were also a few very
elementary papers written primarily to introduce other Chinese
scientists to the advantages of parallel processing (example: "Research
on Minimization Simulation System of Large-Scale and Complex Flying
Vehicles", Wang & Deng, 2nd Artillery Eng College, Xi'an). At the same
time, there is work building parallel computers. I mentioned transputer
systems, of which several were presented, including one designed for
computation of Kalman filters using systolic techniques.  There is also
work on i860-based systems and parallel simulation libraries.

One of the more interesting examples of a parallel system was the KD-SCS
system (Su Jinshu, Lu Xicheng, Gao Yizheng, CS Dept, Changsha Inst of
Tech, 410073 Changsha, Hunan, PC China). This is a hierarchically
structured shared memory multiprocessor. Up to 16 i860 processors,  an
I/O processor and a memory subsystem are on a bus. The complete unit is
called a "station." Several stations are connected by a local ring, and
local rings can be connected by a global ring. The idea is that the
individual I/O processors send device commands and get data from
attached simulation equipment and can satisfy real-time demands, and
communication between processors and synchronization of processors is
through shared memory.  The authors are developing not only hardware and
system software but actual simulation software that will partition
systems of differential equations onto the processors (although they
admit that at this time they are only considering systems of equations
that can be solved with the same step size on all the equations). The
authors' paper claims that design of a station is mostly done and
implementation is under way.


BEIJING SIMULATION CENTER (BSC)

Several of the conference attendees from the West were invited to visit
the brand new Beijing Simulation Center (we may have been among the
first non-Chinese in this facility). Our hosts were

     Jiang Zan Ping
     Director, Beijing Simulation Center
     PO Box 142-21, Beijing 100854, PR China
      Tel:[phone]; Fax: [phone]
and
     Prof Bo Hu Li
     Director, Beijing Simulation Center
     Director, Beijing Institute of Computer Applications and
       Simulation Technology
     PO Box 3929, Beijing 100854, PR China
      Tel: [phone]; Fax: [phone]

The BSC's main simulation computer is their YH-F1, a 16 bit fixed-point
computer, designed and built in China. This has many similarities with an
earlier system sold by Advanced Dynamics International (ADI), AD10, but
runs at twice the latter's frequency and is capable of processing in the
range of 30-100 mips. YH-F1 has a compatible interface and language with
ADI's system. The YH-F1 is composed of a system of heterogeneous
multiprocessors on a shared synchronous multibus with a microvax host.
The fixed-point format makes for fast but rather inflexible processing
because of scaling headaches. (ADI's William Grierson, who attended
BICSC'92 told me that his company's direction is toward more general
purpose processors, because these are becoming fast enough for
real-time simulation. The next version of China's YH computer will
also have hardware floating point.) A three-axis table, purchased in the
US with a maximum moment of 28,000 Newtons, is hydraulically controlled
and sits on a separate foundation for stability. It is controlled by a
Nova IV computer for adjusting angular motion. For simulations requiring
translational motion, a strapdown inertial measurement unit (SIMU)
typically available on a missile, is replaced by voltage variations
provided by the YH-F1.

BSC has a new building in central Beijing. It exceptionally well
equipped. In addition to the YH-F1 and three axis table mentioned above
the Center has a large anecholic chamber for simulating guidance in
space, a variety of workstations, analog and digital computers (the
former for easier simulation of stiff equations). The staff are proud of
the fact simulation in both the millimiter and microwave regions can be
accomplished within one lab, and are working on combining simulations of
chemistry and electronics. Approximately 100 scientists work at BSC,
although about 400 people work in the Institute of Computer Applications
and Simulation Technology which "owns" BSC.  (The Institute also confers
MS and PhD in computational mathematics. I was told by Prof G.C.
Vansteenkiste, (Univ Ghent), that a collaborative research project
between his department and Dr. Bo Hu Li's group on concurrent
engineering will  be presented in London in May 1993.) Much of the BSC's
work is defense related, with a goal to simulate the complete guidance
system of a missile. In addition they "also made fruitful achievements
in combining military technology with civilian technology as well as
transferring military products into civilian products." However, there
are many other simulation activities going on as well at the institute
including work on a real-time Unix, an engineering diagram-oriented
(block diagram) editor for building simulation models, a multi-phase
electrocardiogram diagnostic system, a multi-media card for use in PCs,
an active parallel processing project, fuzzy deductive databases and
various industrial control projects.  The Center and Institute are
justly proud of the noninvasive equipment for early diagnosis of heart
disease, which has won various international gold prizes and patents
since it was first introduced about five years ago. Their real-time Unix
(RTU) runs on a variety of systems including a Masscomp 6600.  The
Institute's Director, Dr. Bo Hu Li, told us that simulation software
efforts are at the level of 300 persons per year, and includes work on
systems, simulation libraries, languages, etc.  There is a very large
spin-off project associated with simulation and scheduling for Shanghai
Textiles (perhaps 1000 people are involved in this, but it was not clear
what that number really represents). There are also several projects
related to simulation in manufacturing, with work in cement, paper
making, sugar producing and digital control industries.

Concerning parallel processing, the simulation institute has developed a
24 cpu 68030 system, based on a high speed (320 MB/sec) bus. They are
also developing an extensive software library, PASL (Parallel Algorithm
Software Library). PASL routines can be called from either C or Fortran,
although PASL routines are written in Fortran with parallel extensions.
I examined some of the source programs of PASL in the area of linear
algebra (there are programs for solution of ordinary differential
equations and interpolation, about 30 major routines total). I also sent
a copy of the PASL source for a sort routine to Professor Jack Dongarra
(U-Tennessee), who commented that "The program looks like a simple loop
level parallel program, similar to what Sequent, Cray, etc., use for
shared memory parallel computing. I don't see the distributed nature, so
their compiler could be doing it, but I don't see how the data is
distributed." Some further discussion among the principals is probably
called for, but the point is that the Chinese, while perhaps not at the
very front of research in these areas, seem to be aware of current ideas
and are making significant efforts to swim along in the stream.

For further information about PASL contact the following.
    Mr. Song Xiao Qiu
    Second Academy of Ministry of Aerospace Industry
    Institute of Computer Applications and Simulation Technology
    50 Yong Ding Road
    PO Box 3929
    Beijing, PR China 100854
     Tel: [phone]; Fax: [phone]

Software environment development for parallel computing is also going on
at other places. For example, Dr. Du Tieta (Dept of Computer Science,
Changsha Institute of Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073 PR China) has
been working for five years on a parallel simulation environment
(PARSIM) for a homogeneous multiprocessor system composed of
transputers.

PARSIM is composed of the following.
  * Integrated interface
  * Simulation language PCSL
  * Libraries
  * Multi-task generator

The simulation language PCSL is compatible with CSSL_IV (a well known
simulation language, internationally used) but has a number of
extensions. PCSL programs are translated into Fortran. Besides lexical
and syntactical analysis, code generation errors are detected by the
translator, rather than the Fortran compiler. In addition some
auto-sorting and optimization is performed.

PARSIM libraries include an interaction utility, with experiment
control, parameter modification, integration method selection, output
and plot control. An integration library containing a variety of
single-step and multi-step (1st to 4th order methods) as well as error
controlled variable-step methods are also provided (according to the
authors). I did not have an opportunity to examine this important aspect
of PARSIM.  A multi-variable function generator allows manipulation of
up to six variable functions.  A communication library provides for
synchronization and communication between the concurrent processes.  A
multi-window, menu-driven interface integrates editing, translating,
compiling, linking, debugging, and running.

The multi-task generator (MTG) deals with the issue of transforming a
program, where concurrence is not described explicitly, into a
concurrent program for running on the multiprocessor. This problem has
not been solved in general, but Du Tieta claims that by using a
data-flow graph he can effectively solve the problem in the special
application area of continuous system simulation. Nodes of the graph are
weighted by the execution time of each statement (each node corresponds
to a computational statement). As far as scheduling, PARSIM uses an
algorithm based on task urgency--the ready node with minimal latest
start time is scheduled prior to all others. The author claims that
although this is not provably optimal (such as the algorithms of Barskiy
and Bussell) is provides almost equivalent scheduling strategy and is
much faster. He also claims that by using a variety of ad-hoc techniques
interprocessor communication and waiting times are kept under control.
While no running system was available for examination during the
conference, the author showed some tests for the simulation of a missile
attack simulation (six degree of freedom) showing very good speedups. He
claims that his approach can be implemented on other systems.




CIMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTER OF CHINA (CIMS-ERC)

Although computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) was not the main topic
of BICSC'92 there were several sessions on simulation in the factory
automation field. As part of the conference, I was provided with
information about a new CIM center in Beijing, which is summarized
briefly below.

The Engineering Research Center of Computer Integrated Manufacturing was
a major item of China's 7th five year plan (called the 863 science and
technology project for its initiation date, August 1986). Planning began
in the late 1980s and the Center is due to be completed just about now
(12/92).  Approximately 250 people from 11 existing units were grouped
together at the Beijing branch of Tsinghua University, which is one of
China's most prestigious science schools. This amounts to about 200 full
time personnel, and some graduate students. Leadership of the Center
comes from Tsinghua, Beijing Aeronautical Technology Research
Institute, Beijing Computer Application and Simulation Institute,
Beijing Machine Tool Research Institute, and Beijing Automation Research
Institute.

The Center consists of two laboratories, an Information Systems Lab and
a Manufacturing Systems Lab. The former has a variety of Sun, DEC,
Silicon Graphics, and HP computers which are networked. The latter has a
horizontal milling center (German), vertical machining center
(XH714A--produced by Beijing Machine Tool Research Institute), turning
center and robot (TC1210U--from the US), automatic guided vehicle
(guide-line based), high-bay store (92 shelves) and stacker, tool store,
workpiece clamping/unclamping stations, robots, buffers, etc. About 1000
meters of optical cable connects the two labs, and TCP/IP protocol is
used.

Material flow integration between the various mechanical devices is
essentially complete and information integration between factory, cell,
workstation, facilities, is in progress. A CAD package for detail
drawing design of typical machine components exists with a data
interface connecting to an expert system of schematic design. A variety
of software has been brought up on the Suns, including software to
rewrite IGES files into forms needed for other uses.

Several dozen research projects were begun, including an expert system
for the design of machine parts, software tools, CAD/CAM Chinese
character software, distributed database system, etc. Work on the latter
(using the OSAM* semantic model) is considered as being of
international quality. There were a number of specific transfers of
technology to Chinese factories (list omitted here), and a technical
exchange program outside China is in place (there were visitors from 26
countries in 1991). A small conference was held, with papers in English,
but the only abstracts I obtained were all from scientists at Tsinghua
University. The titles, attached, give a good indication of the
direction of work, but it is clear that the Chinese are not only striving to
utilize recognized international standards, but also to impose some
national standardization based on CIMLINC from the US.

For further information, contact the following.

   Prof Chen Wu
   Director of CIMS-ERC
   CIMS office
   Department of Automation
   Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
    Tel: [phone]; Fax: [phone]

or Prof Guangleng Xiong
   Chief Engineer of CIMS-ERS
   (same address)


Concluding comments. Science activities in a country with 1.2 billion
people cannot be grasped in one or two visits. Language skills are a
bottleneck for communication with scientists in the West, computing
hardware could use a performance injection, and electronic networking is
very spotty and perhaps non existent outside Beijing. But I was
impressed with the energy and determination of the scientific community
that I saw, and especially their willingness to work on really difficult
applied problems.  I saw many military applications and certainly
collaborations with some countries will be tempered by this emphasis.
But leading Chinese scientists are internationally recognized and
working aggressively to build bridges to the global community.



What follows is a list of titles, authors and some abstracts from
sources mentioned in the report above.

These include
1. CHINESE J OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING & ELECTRONICS, VOL 3, NO.1, 1992
2. ACTA SIMULATA SYSTEMATICA SINICA (QUARTERLY), VOL 4, NO 3, JULY 1992.
3. RADAR-RELATED MODELING PAPERS FROM ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA.
4. THE 1991 CONFERENCE OF THE STATE CIMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTER OF CHINA.
5. 2ND BEIJING INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SIMULATION AND SCIENTIFIC
    COMPUTING (BICSC'92), OCTOBER 20-23, 1992.

 ------------------------------TITLES------------------------------------

CHINESE J OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING & ELECTRONICS, VOL 3, NO.1, 1992
[All papers are in English]

"Status and Perspectives of Process Systems Engineering", Cheng Siwie,
Central Research Inst of Sci & Tech, Ministry of Chem Industry, China,
PO Box 911, Beijing 100083, PRC.

Abstract: The definitions, methodology, applications, and perspectives
of process engineering are discussed from a strategic point of view. The
focal points in future development of process  systems engineering are to
break through in methodology, to expand application fields, and to develop
a new  generation of process simulation systems.

 ------------

"Exploration and Study on Simularity Theory", Wen Chuanyuan, Dept of Auto
Control, Beijing Univ of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 100083 Beijing.

Abstract: This paper introduces the similarity theory as the theoretical
foundation of system simulation. The concepts of similarity theory,  similarity
styles, and similarity methods are discussed.

 ------------

"Detection with High Resolution Radar: Advanced Topics & Potential
Applications", Alfonso Farina & Flavio A. Studer, ALENIA SpA, Via
Tiburtina K. 12.400-00131, Rome Italy.

Abstract: In a  previous companion paper, the potential advantages of
high resolution radar for improved target  detection were introduced. In
particular, the concept of shaping both the  transmitted  waveform and
the receiving processor in accordance to the expected target down-range
profile was highlighted and performance  predictions were provided. In
this paper, we present and evaluate an adaptive scheme devised to
on-line estimate the  target profile, in order to overcome a limited a
priori knowledge. In addition, we introduce a more general model of
target impulse response, based on a statistical description, and we
discuss the corresponding processing scheme and detection  performance.

 -------------

"Unification and Comparison between Two Concepts of Radar Target Angular
Glint", Yin Hongcheng & Huang Peikang, Beijing Inst of Environmental
Features, PO Box   142-207, Beijing 100854, PR China.

Abstract: This paper provides a general proof of unification between two
concepts of radar target angular glint. The analysis of a two-point
model, consisting of an electrically and a magnetically ideal dipole,
shows the  relation,  difference and equivalent condition between them
more clearly. Angular glint has been synthesized from the measured
data of radar echo phase, and compared with the theoretical result.

 ----------

"Single Sample Polarization Filtering", Qiao Xiaolin & Liu Yongtan, Dept
of Electronic Eng, Harbin Inst of Tech, Harbin 150006, PR China.

Abstract: A new method of radar polarization filtering using only a single
sample of signal is proposed. The algorithm is very simple and it is
suitable for the filtering processing of a stationary or nonstationary
polarization  signal. Some simulation results on radio  disturbance
suppression are given.

 -------------

"A Parallel Algorithm for Corner Detection on Object Contour", Lan Yongchuan,
Beijing Inst of Remote Sensing Equipment, Beijing PO Box 3925, PR China.

Abstract: A new parallel algorithm for corner  detection on object
contour is presented in this paper. In this algorithm whenever a point
(pixel) is scanned, the k direction codes between the two sides of the
point, which is on the edge of an object, are obtained by k-step forward
and   backward boundary tracking. A corner is determined by the sum of
the difference between the two  weighted code chains. Note that the
whole chain code sequence of boundary of an object is not necessary to
be extracted at all in this algorithm, and the corners are obtained
immediately once the image is scanned. Furthermore, what humans perceive
as corners can be detected and localized by this algorithm.

 -----------

"A Structured Methodology for Local Network Design Engineering", Li
Layuan, Wuhan Univ of Water Transportation Engineering, Wuhan 430063, PR
China.

Abstract: This paper presents a structured methodology for local network
design engineering (SMLNDE). A complex and fuzzy project for local
network design can be decomposed into a set of simple and particular
activities using the SMLNDE. The SMLNDE allows rigorous requirements
definition and permits the exhaustive consideration of the large number
of factors influencing local network design engineering. The complete
and clear design documentations and an optimal design can also be
provided by the methodology. The SMLNDE has been implemented using the
structured analysis and design technique. The study shows that the
SMLNDE is an effective design  methodology for large and complex local
networks.

 ---------------

"Mobile Robot Control Based on Dynamic Potential", Wand Tianmiao, Zhang
Bo, He Kezhong, Yuan Zengren, Computer Science Dept, Tsinghua Univ,
Beijing 100084, PR China.

Abstract: An efficient method is presented for implementing mobile robot
perception-action behaviors, based on   time-varying  environment
potential  field approach. First, in this paper,   the concept of
dynamic potential U(x,y,z,t) is proposed for   representing the
environment of a mobile robot, and the form of U is deduced, and then
the  velocity control of the vehicle with two wheel is directly
calculated by transition function T of U. Finally, the perception-action
layer is successfully implemented for avoiding collision, wandering, and
integrating path planning and steering control on the TsungHua
university Mobile Robot-II (THMR-II). Based on sonar array signals, the
experimental    results are   given to show that THMR-II has better
reflexive function, real-time obstacle avoidance, adaptability, and
robustness for complex   environments.


 ------------------------------TITLES------------------------------------

ACTA SIMULATA SYSTEMATICA SINICA (QUARTERLY), VOL 4, NO 3, JULY 1992.
(PO BOX 3929,  BEIJING 100854, PR CHINA). [Papers are in Chinese with
English titles and abstract.]

"System Simulation Science and Simulation System Technology", Wen
Chuanyuan, Dept of Automatic Control, Beijing Univ of Aeronautics &
Astronautics, 100083 Beijing, PR China.

Abstract: This paper mainly discusses the following problems.
(1) The important meaning and special function of simulation system.
(2) The definition, contents and relationship of system and system
simulation science. (3) The definition  and technology of simulation
system and its equipment. (4) Systematic description and exploration in
relation to the developing trend of system simulation  science and
simulation system   technology.

 --------------

"CADCSC Engineered Software System", Wang Zhibao, Wang Xiufeng, Chen
Kunrong, Dept of Computer and System Science, Naikai Univ.

Abstract: In this paper, a large project in CADCS-CADCSC (computer aided
design of control system is China) Engineered Software System is
introduced. In CADCSC software system, a unified subsystem   structure,
command system structure, system structure of control system and data
structure are put forward. The man-machine interface and processing of
nonlinear systems have some special features. Meanwhile, a mixed
interactive interface is given for both beginners and experts in control
system design.

 -----------------

"The Interface Design of CADCSC Software System", Chen Kunrong, Wang Zhibao,
Dept of Computer and System Science, Naikai Univ.

Abstract: This paper deals with the interface design of CADCSC (Computer
Aided Design  in Control System of China) Software System. A mixed
man-machine interactive interface which consists of four interactive
modes and is suitable for various users is proposed. A unified form of
command and unified interface when command is running are provided for
CADCSC.  The consistency and agility of the interface are also considered.

 ---------------

"Transportation and Integration of CADCSC Software Package", OuYang qui,
Ye Xiusheng, Suo Hong, Yang Guangyu, Wang Miao, Inst of Automation,
Academia Sinica.

Abstract: This paper  describes the method and experience of the
transportation and integration of the software package CADCSC from the
software environment of IBM-PC/DOS and Turbo C to the one of VAX/VMS and
VAX C.

 -------------

"Implementation of Random Data Processing Subsystem", Chen Hao, Gao
Sufang, Zhang Zhifang, Beijing Inst of Management, Univ of Sci & Tech of
China, Beijing PR China.

Abstract: This article introduces the  implementation  procedure of
Random Data Processing Subsystem  based on basic libraries which are
controlled under the total system. The procedure includes: the
selection and implementation of method of analyzing and handling random
data, the arrangement of program, the graphics displaying and handling
of results and their relationships.

 --------------

"A Software System for Multi-Variables Self-tuning Control
Computer-Aided Design", Zheng Qiabao, Yin Yixin, Shu Diqian, Univ of Sci
and Tech of China, Beijing, PR China.

Abstract: This paper introduces a software tool for multi-variables
self-tuning control computer aided design. This software system can help
the user to design five kinds of self-tuning controllers, and the user
doesn't need to  understand these control algorithms in detail. These
algorithms not only include some classical self-tuning control methods,
but also  provides many of our new research results. The information
supplied   by the user shows that this software is convenient to
operate, easy to understand, and can give a good control effect.

 ------------

"IDMR-Software of Identification for Multivariable Stochastic Systems",
Feng Ming, Ruan Rongyao, Yichang Normal School.

Abstract: The software IDMR is an effective tool for identification of
discrete-time multivariable stochastic systems. It also gives output
simulation using the results of identification. In this paper, the
structure of IDMR, its functions and its features are introduced. The
usage of IDMR is also explained.

 ------------

"CAD of the Design Method of the State Space", Chan Shuling (Math Dept,
Shanghai 2nd Inst of Education), Wang Xing Wei (Math Dept, East China
Normal Univ).

Abstract: This paper introduces a software tool, CAD, of the design of
the state space. By using Yokoyama or Hessenberg controllable and
observable standard forms, the controlability and observability of the
system are analyzed. The design  of state feedback pole assignment,
observer and output feedback pole assignment are given.

 ------------

"A New Approach to Optimize Multivariable PID Controller Using the
Simplex Method", Zhang Yuzhu, Sun Lihua, Dept of Automation, Univ of Sci
& Tech of China, Beijing PR China.

Abstract: This paper presents a new approach to optimize PID controller
parameters using the simplex method. The key idea is that, the index
function is not needed, whereas a group or unit-step response curves are
displayed on the CRT, from  which the designer selects the best, the
sub-best, and the worst. The sequence is taken indirectly as the index
function  value, to guide the optimization of the simplex method. This
approach has been applied to the primary controller design of a heating
furnace, and the result was satisfactory.

 ---------------

"The Algorithm of the Dyadic Expansion and its Implementation", Li Guowen,
Dept of Automation, Univ of Sci & Tech of China, Beijing, PR China.

Abstract: The dyadic expansion method is one of the multivariable
frequency domain analysis and synthesis techniques. This paper discusses
 the dyadic expansion algorithm and its implementation in order to
simplify calculating process and reduce the computing effort.

 ------------

"The Calculation of the Singular General Eigen-Problem", Ye Qingkai,
Dept of Mechanics, Beijing Univ, Beijing PR China.

Abstract: In this paper, we consider the problem of calculating the
finite general eigenvalue and corresponding eigenvector of a matrix pair
(A,B), where A is symmetric and B is semi-positive definite. The
algorithm, written in the matrix language MXTOOL is given:
   X = geneig(A,B)
     N,M = size(A)
     S,Q = schur(B)
     S,I = -sort(-diag(S))
     Q = submxc(Q,I)
     R = rank(diag(S))
     V = S[1:R]
     U = Q'*A*Q
     U11 = U[1:R][1:R]
     U12 = U[1:R][R+1:N]
     U21 = U[R+1:N][1:R]
     U22 = U[R+1:N][R+1:N]
     VINV = diag(ones(1,R)./sqrt(V))
     W = VINV*(U11-U12*inv(U22)*U21)*VINV
     L,Y = eig(W)
     L = real(L)
     Y = real(Y)
     X = Q*[eye(R); -inv(U22)*U21]*VINV*Y

 ----------------

"The Command Language of CADCSC", Wang Xuejun, Inst of Systems Sci,
Academia Sinica.

Abstract: By analyzing the basic logic procedure of solving problems in
control systems, this paper gives a general design principle of CADCSC
command language. Then the basic structure and characteristics of the
language are discussed.


 ------------------------------TITLES------------------------------------

RADAR-RELATED MODELING PAPERS (In Chinese)

"Hexagonal Ferrite Ku-Band Radar Absorbent Materials", Guo Bijun et al,
in Acta Electronica Sinica (Dianzi Xuebao) No3, 6/92.

"Analysis of Multilayer Frequency-Selective Surfaces", Shen Zhongxiang
et al, in Acta Electronica Sinica (Dianzi Xuebao), 6/92.

"Motion Compensation Method in Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging",
Bao Zheng et al, in Acta Electronica Sinica (Dianzi Xuebao), 7/92.

"Motion Compensation in Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging for
Isolated Scatter", Meng Jing et al, in Acta Electronica Sinica (Dianzi
Xuebao), 6/92.

"Approach to Superresolution Range-Doppler Imaging", Zhu Zhaoda et al,
in Acta Electronica Sinica (Dianzi Xuebao), 7/92.

"Microwave Imaging of Targets Rotating in Small Azimuth Angle Range",
Huang Peikang et al, in Acta Electronica Sinica (Dianzi Xuebao), 6/92.

"Radar Cross Section Analysis of Slot-Array Antennas", Deng Shuhui et
al, in Acta Electronica Sinica (Dianzi Xuebao), 6/92.

"Study of Backscattering of Electromagnetic Missiles", Wen Geyi et al, in
Acta Electronica Sinica (Dianzi Xuebao), 6/92.

 ------------------------------TITLES------------------------------------

THE 1991 CONFERENCE OF THE STATE CIMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTER OF CHINA

(All authors are from Tsinghua University unless noted. Papers include
English abstracts, about one page in length, which I have not reproduced
here.)

"National Standardization of CAD Software", Lin Jinghuang et al.

"CIMLINC CAD/CAM Chinese Character Processing System", Want Shusen et al.

"The Design and Implementation of Language Translator in CIMS-ERC
Distributed Database Management System", G.R.Wang et al (CS Dept, NEUT).

"A Study of the CAD/CAPP/CAM Graphic Information Integration Technology
Using IGES Standard Interface in CIMS", Li Jianming et al.

"Implementation of Cell Controller in CIMS-ERC", Sui Yingqui et al.

"A Discussion of the DNC Communication Standard", Wu Nian Yu et al.

"The Research and Implementation of Manufacturing Message
Specification", Zhu Yaqing et al.

"Message Transmission and its Software Design of Cell and Workstation
Level in CIMS", Zhu  Yaqing et al.

"Performance Analysis of the Network System of CIMS-ERC", Fan Xien et al.

"Design and Application of Modular Fixture System for Inspection in CIMS
Environment", Cheng Ye et al.

"Human Factors in CIM", Chen Yuliu.

"The Advanced Hierarchical Control System Emulator", Xiao Tianyuan et al.

"Automated Guided Vehicle System Installing Adjustment and Running in
the Manufacturing Lab of CIMS-ERC", Gao Zhongyu et al.

"Computer Aided Software Tool for IDEFO",   Zhang Jiangang et al.

"An Expert System Tool for Mechanical Product Conceptual Design Using C
Language", Zhang Chunfeng et al.

"Realizing Mechanical Parts Design with 3D Solid Modeling Under the CIMS
Environment", Li Xuezhi et al.

"Transmission   Clearance of Spindle and Rotational Speed Fluctuation in
Numerical Control Machine Tool", Feng Zhijing et al.

"The Communication Between Robot and Vax3400 Computer in the Workstation
of Turning Center at CIMS-ERC", Hua Xun et al.

"Research on Tool Information Flow of Turning Center at CIMS-ERC", Zhang
Yufeng et al.

"The Real-time Animation Technique of Integrated Manufacturing
Simulation Software (IMSS)", Xiao Tianyuan et al.

"NPURCAP Generative CAPP System and the Application of Expert System
Techniques", Fan Qijin et al (Northwestern Polytech Univ).

"The THCAPP System in CIMS Environment", Fu Jing et al.

"Pallet Change and Tool Data Input of HMC TC500 During In-Net Running",
Ye Beihua et al.


 ------------------------------TITLES------------------------------------


2ND BEIJING INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SIMULATION AND SCIENTIFIC
  COMPUTING (BICSC'92), OCTOBER 20-23, 1992.

Sponsoring Organization: Chinese Association for System Simulation (CASS)

PLENARY SESSION

DESiRE: Dynamic Expert Systems in Real Time Environment
     Vansteenkiste, G.C., Belgium

Simulation Environments: Challenges for Advancement
     Oren, T.I., Canada

Broadening Toward Trans -disciplines - Thirty Years' activities in The Japan
Society for Simulation Technology
     Takaba, Sadao, Japan

Integrating Symbolic and Neural Computing
     Kerckhoffs, E.J.H., The Netherlands

Comprehensive Systems Theory and Its Modelling and Simulation
     Wen Chuan Yuan, P.R. China

METHODOLOGY & MODELLING I

Qualitative Models of Longitudinal Dynamic Behavior of Modern Aircraft
     Zhang Ming-Lian, He Wei Dong, Car Kai-Yuan, China

Adjustment of Aerodynamic Parameter in Flight Simulator Model
     Yang Cheng-han, Wang Xing-ren, Jia Rong-Zhen, China

A Study and Modeling on Ship Sailing Colored Noise
     When Heming, Hue Dongmel, Luo Xiaoze, China

Research on Minimization Simulation System of Large-Scale and Complex Flying
Vehicles
     Wang Hong, Li Deng, Fang Ling, China

Multi-Function Mathematical Model for Shiphandling Simulation
     Shi Ai-guo, Yang Bao-zhang, China

A Computer Air - Combat Simulation Model
     Xiong Xiao Fei, Sun Wei, Cao Fu Ping, China

The Study on Aircraft Model in Rapid Roll and Its Automatic Control
     Xiong Xiao Fei, Sun Wei, Cao Fu Ping, China

The Study on Aircraft Model in Rapid Roll and Its Automatic Control
     Hu Wei Duo, Wen Chuan Yuan, China

SOFTWARE & COMPUTER I

Concurrent Simulation Engineering Environment
     Bo Hu Li, Xing Song, Qian Fang, China

Manufacturing Management System Simulation an Object-oriented Approach
     Xiaojun Ye, Aibert Mathon, France

The CASE Environment of Mathematical Physical Simulation Software (MPSS)
Developing Based on Xyz System
     Pan Xia, Song YiBe, Wang Yu Ying, China

Supporting System and Development Tool of Training Simulator of CENTUM Field
Control Station
     Jiabao Zhu, Lian Shen, Mingyu Liu, China

The Application of the Temporal Logic Language XYZ/E in developing
Mathematical Physical Simulation Software
     Pan Xia, Song Yi Be, Wang Yuying, Li Guang Han, China

Graphic Modeling and Animating Technique for the Integrated Manufacturing
Simulation Software
     Liu Yi, Liu Qing, China

A Simulation System Based on Object-Oriented Knowledge Representation
     San-yi Zao, Ju-wu Bao, Yun-Cheng Feng, China

A Engineering Diagram-Oriented Simulation Software
     Li Song-Qing, et al, China

SIMULATOR I

Automated Test Software for Flight Simulator
     Wang Xing-ren, Pen Xiao-yuan, Yang Cheng-han, China

The Study and Design of Digital Control Force Load Device on a Flight
Simulator
     Chen, Ruilin, Germany

A Dynamic Model of Heavy Oil Catalysis Training Simulator
     Shu Xin Wei ShangLi, China

Simulation for Twin Flights
     Xu Peizhen, Shen Weiqun, Luo Binghai, China

Performance Requirements for Missile Flight Simulation Systems
     Zhang Zhonglin, China

The Flight Director System for the Civil Flight Simulator
     Wang Yuqin, Xuancheng, China

The Aerodynamic Data Preprocessing for the Flight Simulator
     Jia Rong-Zhen, Zhu Xiao-Feng, China

A High Speed Dedicated Micro-computer and its Application in Real Times
Simulation
     Peng Xiao-Yuan, Dai Shu-ling, Wang Xing-ren, Liu Guan Fei, China

Modeling Process for the Visual Scene and Overload System of a Spiral Flying
Simulator
     San Ye, Yang Ming, Yuan Hong Ji, Zhang Yun Chang, China

AI IN SIMULATION I

III-SE: An Integrated-interactive-intelligent Simulation Environment
     Myoung-Hee Kim, Korea

Analogical Reasoning as a Mechanism for Generation of Programs
     Li Bo, Zhao Qinping, China

The Research of Knowledge Based Simulation Environment KBSE-1
     Liu Yi-zhi, Wang Wen-jie, China

A Synthetic Simulation Software of Robots
     Sheng Fang, Sun Zengqi, China

Simulation Language Learning System
     Song Yibo, Pang Xia, Wang Yuyying Li Guanghan, China

A Design for Natural Language Understanding of Expert Simulation System in
Discrete Event System
     Liang Jian, China

Fault Detection and Diagnosis of an Erect Simulator
     Huang Xianxiang, Li Hua, Guo Xiao Song, Zhang Zhi Li, China

CIMS I

Intelligent CAPP Research Under CIMS Environment
     Fang Min Lun, Yin Jie Tong, Chen Shili, Ji Hong, China

A Real-time Matching Process Simulator RMPS for CIMS
     Xiao Tian, Yuan Jin Ni, China

The Advanced Hierarchical Control System Emulator AHCSE
     Xiao Tianyuan, Chen Jiadong, China

Study on Human Factors in CIMS
     Lei HongLi, Han Liu Qiang, Sun Guo Ji, He Dayu, China

Study on Ergonomics in CIMS
     Lei Hong, Sun GuoJi, He Dayu, China

Design and Implementation of the NPES for CIMS Network
     Liu Xuan Cheng, Wen Chuan Yuan, Chen Zongji, China

Referential Models and Manipulational Models of CAX Data Bases
     Li Longjiong, Xu Shukun, Yu Weizhong, China

APPLICATION I

Macro-Simulation of Strategic Problems
     Albert A. Stahel, Daniel Schneider, Switzerland

Application of Simulation Techniques and Modelling to Clinical Diagnostic,
  Colonoscopy
     S.M. Krishnan, Singapore

Digital Simulation of Absorbing Nourishment System and Its Application
     Li Shu Tong, Kang Bing Chen, China

Simulation on Neural Dynamics of Visual Cortex and its Industrial Application
     Luo Xiaolan, China

Simulation Study on a Functional-Link Artificial Neural Network Based Rapid Target Classfier with
 Applications to Underwater Sound Fields
     C.X Tan, Y.L. Ma, China

Simulation of Genetic Operations and its Application to the Learning of
  Neural Nets
     N, Zhang, X. Song, China

A Phonetic Input Simulation System Using a Multilingual Interface for
  Windows Environment for the Chinese Documents Acquisition
     P. Martin, M. Mlouka, France

METHODOLOGY & MODELLING II

Clutter Modeling in Missile Target Tracking Simulation
     Xia Ye Jin, Wu Xiao Ming, China

The Model Study on Computer Shading Target Display
     Cheng Ying-lei, Liu Xing-tang, China

A New Method with High Confidence for Validation of Computer
  Simulation Models of Missile Systems
     Zhou, Xianmin, China

The Design of Imitative Linear Controller and the Software of the
  Nonlinear Flight Control System Simulation
     Qiu Xiao-Hong, Gao Jin-Yuan, China

Interactive Tactical Engagement Simulation System for Air Defense
Missile Systems
     Jun Hu, Yongchun Gao, Danchen  Geng, China

Simulation of Power Plants and Systems
     Popyrin Lev Sergeevich, Russia

A Non-iterative Method for Calculating the Flow Network of Boiler
  Air-gas System in Power Station
     Chen Hong, Qin Ruiping, Lu Chongde, China

Experiment Design For an Optimized Identification of kinetic Parameters
  of a Fluidized Bed Combustion
     A.Linke, Hamburg, Germany

Optimizing Control System Parameters in Set-Point Study of Qinshan
  Nuclear Power Plant by Computer Simulation on AD-10
     Xiao Hong Fan, Jean Chen Shi, China

Mathematical Model of Power Plant  for Simulators
     Doverman Grigoriy, V.Krashcninnikov, Moscow Russia.

SOFTWARE & COMPUTER II

Simulation Approach to Analyzing I/ 0 Characteristics of a Multiprocessor
 Computer System
     Kim Jong Hyun, Korea

KD-SCS: a RISC Multiprocessor System I or Computer Simulation
     Su Jinshu, Lu Xicheng, Gao yizheng, China

A Parallel Decoupled Kalman Filtering Algorithm and Architecture
     Zhang Youmin, Zhang Hongcai, Dai Guanzhong, China

A Task Allocation Algorithm in Heterogeneous Multiprocessor Systems
     Xu Min, Wang Xingrcn, Fong Qin, China

YH-Fl System Clock Unit and Applications
     Jia-Hong Liang, Ke-Di Huang, Jin Hai Dai, China

Implement of Parallel Tasks Partitioning and Locating on
  Transputer-based Real-time Simulation System
     Zhang Wenlin, Chen Delai, China

Transputer-based Real-time Simulation Workstation for Continuous System
     Chen Delai, Zhang Jing Zhen, Zhang Wenlin, Li Guangyao,China

MV Digital Simulation System for Real-time Simulation
     Zhu Huirui, Geng Xiumei, Zhang Yuhuan Lilei, China

SIMULATOR II

Simulator for Power Boiler
     Ma Guangfu, Wang Zicai, San Ye, China

A New Kind of Power Plant Simulator Based on Microcomputer
     Li Tianduo, Li Liqin, China

DM-I Diesel Power Station Simulator
     Zhang Wenlong, Xing Jianchun, Gao Jiling, China

SB-100 Simulator Design Feature And Associated Problems Study
     Zhang Bo Ding, China

The DLJY Shiphandling Simulator-A New Type of Shiphandling Simulator
     Yang Bao-Zhang, Ma Zhong-Xiang, Kang Qiang, Shi Ai-guo, China

Application of Expert System in Achievement Grading for the Training Simulator
     Huang Xianxiang, Zhang Zhili, Li Hua, China

Comparative Study of Log Meen Temperature Difference and Number of Transfer
   Units Method to Model a Heat Exchanger for Power Plant Simulators
     I.Anjum, U.S.A.

The Advanced Instructor Station Shell: A Generic Toolkit for Constructing
  User Interfaces
     D. Wenger, U.S.A.

AI IN SIMULATION II

Comparative Study Between Priority Rules for Simulation and Strategies
  for a Placement Algorithm
     J. Boudachout, France

A Simulation Model Based Intelligent Economic Decision Support System IEDSS
     Feng Shan, China

ICAT: The Design and Implementation of Intelligent Control Air Combat Target
     Tao Wei Min, Wan Xing Ren, China

Estechnology in Model-based Decision Support (MBDS)
     Feng Shan, Dang Shuguang, China

ESSMA - An Expert System of Simulation Model - Building and Algorithm Selection
     Liu Feng, Shen Beina, China

Using the Logic List Technique to Determine Rules in Expert System
     Wu Chong-Guang, Shen Cheng-Lin, China

Robot Learning Control Using Neural Networks
     Wang Changhong, China

The Neural and Symbolic Computing Paradigms in System Simulation
     Jose Neves, Paulo Ga Garrido, Jose Machado, Portugal

Simulating Liquor-Testing Expert by Neural Net
     Yiyu Cheng, Shangxu Hu, China

Constructive Neural Network Algorithm for Approximation of Multivariable
 Function with Compact Support and Its Application for Inversion or the
 Radon Transform
     Nicolay A Magnitskii, Moscow, Russia.

CIMS II

Using Slam Network Model to Simulate and Evaluate FMS Reliability
     Hu hua ping, Zhou Zhao nan, Guo Bo, Zhu Yi-Fang, China

An Intelligent Simulation Software for Modelling an FMS
     Liu Fuyan, Lu Shaoyi, China

Intelligent Demon Controlled Simulation of Flexible Manufacturing Systems
     Andras Javor, Hungary

Decision Analysis for Multilevel Production--Inventory Systems
     Wang Dechao, China

A Scheduling System by Simulation
     Boukachour Jaouad, France

Reliability Analysis of Production Lines
     Yigang Zhang, China

Study on Static Modeling Expert System for FMS
     Lei Hongli, He Dayu, Sun Guoji, Han Jiuqiang, China

APPLICATION II

Study the Application of the System Simulation Technology on the
  Airplane Fatigue Strength Test
     Lei HongLi, Sun GuoJi, He Da Yu, China

Simulation Researches on Aircraft's  Mechanical Control System
     Zhang Hongyu, Wang Zhanlin, Feng Yanchang, China

Six-degree Simulation Research for a Ballistic Vehicle System
     Fanglin Deng, Shicheng Wang, China

The Semi-physical Simulation and Application Research for
  a Large-Scale Vehicle System
     Wang Shicheng, Deng Fanglin, China

Numerical Simulation for Study of Influence of Hot
 Smoke-stream on Aircraft's Taking-off And Landing
Jin Cliang-jiang, Hong Guan X in, Han Chao, China.

Miss Distance Analysis For a Low Altitude Radar Guided Missile
     He Shouling, Zuyang Chang, China

ADUOPS [This is the user level programming language for the AD-10
simulation computer.]
     Xu Geng-bao, China

A Real Time Simulation System for War Ship Power Propulsion System
     Wang Yu, Chen Huajng, Ju Jin-xian, China.

A New Practical Method for the Modelling of Shiphandling Simulation
     Shi Ai-guo, Yang Bao-Zhang, Tong Bao -de, China

Numerical Simulation of Wave Resistance for Low Speed Ship
   Xiao Renbin, Chen Cai-Kan, Fei Qi, China.

Simulation Study on the Influence of the Motion of Carrying
  Ship and Some Other Factors of Environment on Tactical Missile Trajectories
     Zhai Qingying, China

METHODOLOGY & MODELLING III

Analysis of Optimal Algorithms in DEDS Simulation
     Dai QingLin, China

Modelling of Discrete Events Dynamic Systems in Analytical Terms
     Frantisck Capkovic, Czecho-Slovakia

Simulation and Optimization of Discrete Event Dynamic Systems
     Chen Zhimin, Bernard J. Scliroer, Feng
     Yuncheng, China.

A Case Study: Modeling of Load Sharing in Distributed Real-Time Systems
     Zhang Lichen, Yves Raynaud, France.

A Decision Support System for Optimal Allocation of Factories
     Ralfael Hutado, Raul Sabadi, Cuba

A New DEDS Simulation-Optimization Algorithm Based on Simulated-Annealing
 and Perturbation Analysis
     Zeng Jianchao, Tan Ying, China

A Simulation Tool for the Design of Satellite Data-flow Handling Systems:
 General Architecture
     G Iazeolla, M.Clajanni, S.Tucci, G.Calavaro, R.Patrignani, M.Caporale,
     P.Fortini, M.Mochi, Italy.

SOFTWARE & COMPUTER III

Special Purpose Computer System for Japanese Language Processing
     Katsumi Osuga, Kazuo Kurokawa, Japan

Solving Stiff ODEs Using Automatically Generated Jacobians in Analytic Form:
Demonstrated By Means of the Simulation of a Nuclear Reactor (missing)
     H Jurgen. Halin, Switzerland

A Study on Development of User-friendly Continuous System Simulation
  Language and Application Software
     Chan Mo Park, Chang Gwan Yim, Myung Soo Kim, Korea

Advantages of a Simulation Subroutine Library
     M.A.Pollatschek, Israel

Graphic Programming Language in Infrared Simulation System
     Song Yibo, Pan Xia, Li Guanghan, Wang Yuying, China

Multiple Run Simulation Studies Using CSSE
     Xu Shukun, Zhang Zhong Lin, China.

COS4MIC: A Continuous System Simulation Support Software on Microcomputer
     Xion Guangleng, Peng yi, China

Control System CAD I

The Second Generation Integrated Environment of CAD Systems
     X.F.Ni, Z. J. Chen, China

VCSCAD: a Vehicle Control System CAD Software Package
     Yang Ming, Wang Zicai, Yang, Ma Guangfu, China

The Developing of Block-pulse Functions and It's Application
     Yu Chun-Yang, Xu Yao-Ming, Cong Zhuang-Yuan, China

Numerical Method of Robust Root Locus
     Zhao Changan, Jin Changxi, China

Computer Aided Education System for Continuous System Simulation
     Wang Wei Ping, China

A Program for Control System Simulation
     Duan Guang-ren, Pei Run, Qiang Wen-yi, China

AI IN SIMULATION III

An Expert System for Routing in Plant Design
     Kenji Matsunaga, Yoshikazu Yamamoto, Japan.

An Expert System for Evading Strategy Simulation
     Jiang Yuxian, China

A Knowledge-based Simulation Environment
     Fu Zhimin, Main Yi Yaxing, China

Study on Static Modeling Expert System for FMS
     Lei Hong Li, Sun GuoJi, He Dayu, Han JiuQiang, China

On Scheduling Rule Selection Expert System For FMS
     Lei HongLi, He Dayu, Sun Gucji, China

An Expert System For Monitoring and Control of Electric Power Systems
     M Serry Taha, Egypt

A Study on the Expert System for Train Traffic Reschedule
     Cheng Yu, China

An Expert Simulation System (SAO-1) for Effectiveness / cost Analysis of a
   Surface to Air Defense System
     Zhang, Gui-Ting, China

CIMS III

Modelling a Dual Kanban Controlled Pull Type Ordering System
     Norio Watanabe, Beumjun Ahn, Shusaku Hiraki, Japan

Modelling and Analyzing a Parts Oriented Ordering System
     Shusaku, Hiraki, Katsuhiko Takahashi, Norio Watanabe, Zhugi Xu, Japan

Design and Simulation of a Robot Gripper With Flexible Fingers
     Li Wei, Chen Shen-Jian, China

Simulation Aided Design for Strategies or Measuring Dynamical Performances
 of Robots
     Luo xiaolan, Xu Qianghua, Lin youdc, China

A Decision Support Systems for the Process Plants
     Harinder Singh, Japdev, United Kingdom

A Knowledge Based System for the Scheduling of Single Stage Processes
     Z.J.Chen, H.S.Jagedev, China

APPLICATION III

Simulation Study of Effects of Volleyball Seams on The Trajectory
Characteristics of Float-Serve
     Sun Baoting, China

Computer Simulation of the Model of Hippocampal Memory Function
     Huang Bingxian, China

Commonly Used Cold Tandem Mills Simulation System
     Weng Jun, Xu Xinhe, China

The VLSI Implementation of a Fast Algorithm for RSA Cryptosystems
     Guo Ching Hsu, C N.Zhang, Canada

The Method of Two-probes for Measurement of the Liquid-droplet Size
 Distribution and its Simulation
     Lu Yanshan, Duan Wei, Zhong Jinming, Zhang Yan Chun, China

Computer Simulation and Analysis on Yarn Evenness Inspection Through Fabrics
     Zhenhan Yu, China

Study on the Dynamic Characteristics of Resonant Cylinder Pressure Transducer
 with Frequence Output Using Digital Simulation
     Fan Shangchun, Liu Guangyu, China

Methodology & Modelling IV

A Method for Detection of Steady-state in Simulation
     Young-Hae Lee, Korea

Mutual Compensation Modelling Method for Simulator
     Yuan Hongji, Wang Zicai, Han Lian Wei, China.

A Conceptual Framework for Rapid Simulation Development
     B. J.Schroer, U.S.A., Yuncheng Feng, China.

Modelling and Simulation of Nonlinear System Optimum Problem
     Huang Jingyun, China

An Algorithm for the Simulation or Linear Time-invariant System
     Jin Weidong, Li Zhi, Zheng Yong, China

Modeling Methodology for Simulation of Real-Time Systems Using
Multiprocessor and Parallel Language
     Zhang Lichen, Michel Galindo,  Daniel Marquis, Yves Raynaud, France

The Technique of Multiple Frame-rate for Complex Hardware-in-the-loop
 Simulation
     Daijin-hai, Wan Xiao-dong, China

Automatic Process Modelling: Two Experiences in the Sugar Industry
     Rafael Hurtado, Raul Sabadi, Havana Cuba

Parametric Modeling Technique for Fast Rendering in Real-Time System
     Xiaomin Huang, Binghai Luo,  Xingren Wang, China

Mathematical Models for The Fibre Drawing Processes Control
     Aida Andreyevna Krasnoproshina, Kiev Russia.

SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING I

The Theory of the LS Filtering and its Applications
     Cheng Zhaolin, Huang Daxiang, Wei Chen, Meng Zhaobo, China

ARMA Simulation or Multivariate Random Processes
     Miao Bingqi, China

Random Search Optimization Techniques For Multicriterial Problems
     S.B. Turtia, Petefsburg, Russia.

Parallel Algorithm for Maxima, Minima and Point of Inflection of Polynomials
     M.Sambandham, Atlanta U.S.A.

The Polynomial Approximation for the k-Traveling Salesman Problem
     Lei Zhang, China

A U-D Factorization Information Filter/Smoother and its Application in
  Flight Data Compatibility Check
     Zhang Youmin, Wang Peide, Dai Guanzhong, China

Errors of the Simulating Instrument and Simulation of Instrument Errors
     Tong pengnian, Wang Xijing, China

METHODOLOGY & MODELLING V

Reliable Random-number Generation at GHzBit Rates for Large-scale
  Monte Carlo Simulations
     A.Compagner, D.Wang and A.S.Berdnikov, Netherlands

A Monte Carlo Simulation Method for Calculating the Mass Thickness
 of a Film on a Substrate
     Hu Youhua, China

Combined Correlation Methods For Multipopulation Metamodels
     Kwon Chimyung, Korea

Percentile Estimation from Autocorrelated Simulation Outputs
     Katsuhiko Takahashi, Shusaku Hiraki, Michiu Soshiroda, Japan

Stochastic Approximation Under Dependent Noises
     O.N. Granichin, Russia

The Algorithms for Vector Random Number Generators
     A. S. Brednikov, S.B. Turtia, Petersburg, Russia

APPLICATION IV

Modeling and Simulation for Pyrolysis Furnace
     Na YongLiang, Wu ChongGuang, Shen Chcng-Lin, China.

Simulation of the Dehydrate Process for the Production of Phosphoricacid
     Yeong Koo Yeo, Yong Sang Cho, Woo Hyun Park, Korea

Dynamic Simulation of Multi-stage Refrigeration System
     Yu Dingwen, Wu Chongguang, China

Modelling and Simulation of Process Operator Behaviour
     Jin Jianshe, China

Simulation of the Operation of the Chuquicamata Smelter Plant
     Mario Fuenzalida, de Lafuente, Chile

Simplified Dynamic Simulation of Distillation Columns
     Huang Zhongwen, Xu Yongmao, Fang Chongzhi, China

Simulation of Power Plants in Tutorial Software "Professor Thermo"
     V.V.Tsarev, A. A. Alexandrov, Moscow, Russia.

Optimal Performance Analysis and Simulation of a Cold Trap for Sodium
  Purification
     Zhao Fuyu, Zhang Guiping, China

The Simulation Investigation on System Identification of Gas Turbine
     Su Ming, China

APPLICATION V

The Structure of an Object Oriented Traffic Simulator for Dynamically
   Changing Flow
     Kagesawa Masataka, Takaba Sadao, Japan

Optimization of Cargo Traffic for Swiss Railways with the Aid of a Large Scale
  Simulation Model
     A.Graber, Switzerland

Transportation Modeling and Simulation
     Cui Yi, China

Rule Based Train Traffic Rearrangement Interactive Simulator
     Chcng Yu, China

UTSM Simulation Model and Its Application of Evaluating Traffic Systems
     Han Huijun, Jiang Fu, China

Dynamic Auto Running Simulate System
     Wu Wen Zhi, Qin Gui He, Ge An-lin, China

Simulating Experimental System of Diesel Locomotives
     Zhou Meiyu, He Hongyun, Lu punguan, China

Simulation Longitudinal Train Movement with Computer
     Zhang Qinghang, Zeng Xuegui, Wei Qingchao, China

On Real Time Simulation of Longitudinal Forces of Heavy Haul Train Driving
  Simulator
     Lang Cheng lian, Wang QianHua, China

The Study of Applying Simulation Technique to the Planning of Subway Train
  Running Scheme
     Jin Weidong, Gao Shilian, China

APPLICATION VI

Controlling Method for Radio Frequency Simulation Demonstration Experiment
      Zhang Hongyan, Li Xiangjun, China

Discussion on Several Factors Effecting the Position of the Apparent Center
  in Distributed Radiating Sources
     Li-Zhi, China

The Effect of The Performance of Anechoic Chamber on the Accuracy of Radio
  Frequency Target Simulation System
     Chen  Xunda, China

Programme-technical Equipment for the Investigation of Electrical Contacts
     Koltsenko E.O., Panov S.F., Russia.

Study of Simulation in Microgravity Environment
     Jiang Xiujie, Lou Yue, China

Simulation of TCR Compensation Installation Characterized by Discrete-sample and Modulation
     Jiang Jianguo, Sun Huanixiang, China

The Method of Synthetical Line-of-sight
     Su Min Hong, Xing Chang, China

Closed-loop Fire Correction Simulation Research on Minor-caliber Gun System
     Ji Chen Xin, China

METHODOLOGY & MODELLING VI

A Method or Sequence Modelling with Multiple-Leveled Associative Memory in
  Neural Networks
     Gang Rao, China

Modeling and Simulation of Front-end Computer System of SCADA
     Gao Chong-Bin, China

Object-Oriented Communication Protocol Simulation
     Wen Tao, Liv Jiren, Li Huatian, China

The Structure-based Modelling of Computer Network System
     Yang Zhihong, Hu Daoyuan, China

Modeling of Information on Printed Circuit Board- - An STEP Based Approach
     Jenny Ang Gim, Ching Song Bin Singapore

SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING II

Invariant Sets and Reachable Sets in the Control of Linear Discrete Time
  Systems: Application to Electrical Drives
     D.Asber, D.Mehdi, C.Iurg, France

Design of Linear Feedback Laws for Nonlinear Constrained Systems: Application
  to Induction Motors Models
     N.E.Radhy, P.Borne, France

Estimation of Behaviour via Nonlinear Overvaluing Systems
     W.Perruquetti, J.P.Richard, France

Robust Control of a Distillation Column Using Positive-Real System Controllers
  with Observer
     Johannes Broll, Joachim Pohlmcic, Germany

Minimization of the Iteration Steps Required to Reach a Given Trajectory
  Under Constraints on the State and the Control
     Dalal Asber, Dvid Bensoussan, Canada

Calculation and Control of Periodic Orbits for Linear Periodic Systems
     B.A.Rabenasolo, J.P.Richard, France

SIMULATOR III

Implementation of Large Scale Realtime Software Projects Using ROSE
     L. White, Canada

Use of Flow Diagrams in Real-Time Simulators
     I.Anjum, U.S.A.

CALTRAN: Coefficient Calculator Program-An Advanced Tool for Developing Power
 Plant Models
     R. Shyam, U.S.A.

Investigation of the Momentum Cell Hydraulic Diameter in Nodal Momentum Method
     K.S.Liang et al., Taiwan, China

Use of an Engineering Simulator for Advanced Process Analysis and Control
 System Testing
     Q .B.Chou, M.E.Benjamin, P.S.Sharawy, M.Ingles, Canada.

CONTROL SYSTEM CAD II

A Reliable Numerical Algorithm for Pole Assignment by Output Feedback
     Ren Zhang, Xu Demin, China

Computer Aided Design of Self-turning PID Controller Parameter
Optimization
     Wan Shao-song, Yan Cong, China

A Basical Application Software for Control System Simulation
     Duan Guangren, China

Nonlinear Controller Design of Flight Control System
     Wang Zicai, Yao Yu, Lu Manxue, China

The Simulation Study on the Adaptive Control of the Variable Displacement
  Motor in Constant Pressure System
     Jiang Xialxia, Liu Qinghe, China

A New Algorithm of Robust Nonlinear Control and Its Application in URV
  Simulation
     Zhao Xiren, Hon Yehe, Liu Baofu, Wang Xiaoling, China

APPLICATION VII

Hardware-in-the Loop Simulation of Active nutation Damping Control System of
  Spin Satellite
     Liu Shenzhao, Song Xiadong, China

Hardware-in the-Loop Simulation for a Vertical Launch Air Defence Missile
     Dongmu Wang, Qiuru He, China

Simulation Study of Terminal Guidance System of Precise Complex Guidance for
  Air-to-air Missile
     Lei Humin, Chen Jiashi, Nan Ying, China

Space Vehicles Orbit Intersecting Algorithm Simulation
     Ziaoren Huang, Yifan Zhu, Zhaonan Zhou, China.

APPLICATION VII

Specification and Estimation of a Continuous Time Macrodynamic Model of the
  Italian Economy
     Fusati Angelo, Italy

Simulation Software Designs for Enterprise's Input-output Economic Model
     Zhuang Hongmian, Chen Fang, China

Experiences on the Development of a Cane Crushing Simulation Program:
  Calculation of Imbibition Coefficiencies Fabric Nieto,
     Rafael Hurtado, Cuba

STMFAD: a Microcomputer System for Simulation of Sugar And By-products
 Factories
     Raul Sabadi, Rafael Hurtado, Fabric Nieto Jesus Mesa, Cuba

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